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Furthermore, wireless network virtualization depends on specific access technologies, and wireless network contains much more access technologies compared to wired network virtualization and each access technology has its particular characteristics, which makes convergence, sharing and abstraction difficult to achieve.
In October 2012, a group of telecom operators published a white paper [4] at a conference in Darmstadt, Germany, on software-defined networking (SDN) and OpenFlow.The Call for Action concluding the White Paper led to the creation of the Network Functions Virtualization (NFV) Industry Specification Group (ISG) [5] within the European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI).
NPV proposes the network protocol stack should be tailored to the observed network environment (e.g. link layer technology, or current network performance). Thus, the network stack should not be composed at development time, but at runtime and it needs the possibility to be adapted if needed.
Virtual private network (VPN): a network protocol that replaces the actual wire or other physical media in a network with an abstract layer, allowing a network to be created over the Internet Network Protocol Virtualization : decoupling networking layers in order to accelerate the deployment and management of networks
In that case, the upper layers of the ETSI NFV MANO architecture (i.e. the NFVO and VNFM) cooperate with a container infrastructure service management (CISM) function [5] that is typically implemented using cloud-native orchestration solutions (e.g. Kubernetes). The characteristics of cloud-native network functions are: [6] [7]
Initially, network virtualization only involved the separation of the control plane and the forwarding plane (management and packet transmission) within networking devices like switches. This has shifted to include the totality of virtualizing a network, including how the network is programmed, administered, and deployed, be it hardware ...
The first step in the evolution from stubbing to service virtualization was the technology packaged in SOA testing tools since 2002. [11] The earliest implementations of service virtualization were designed to automate the process of developing simple stub-like emulations so that composite applications could be tested more efficiently. [12]
The Crossbow project software, combined with next generation network interfaces like xge and bge, enable network virtualization and resource control for a single system. By combining VNICs with features such as exclusive IP zones or the Sun xVM hypervisor, system administrators can run applications on separate virtual machines to improve performance and provide security.