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On the far right, comrade was the standard form of address between members of the British Union of Fascists and featured widely in their publications and marching songs. In the United States, the word comrade carries a strong connotation with Communism, Marxism–Leninism, and the former Soviet Union.
The word comrade is in the regulations of the People's Liberation Army (PLA) as one of three appropriate ways to formally address another member of the military ("comrade" plus rank or position, as in "Comrade Colonel", or simply "comrade" when lacking information about the person's rank, or talking to several people.) [7]
On the other hand, military or paramilitary rank is commonly used, either as a title before one's name, or by itself, usually preceded by the title товарищ (comrade), e.g. лейтенант Петров (lieutenant Petrov), or товарищ лейтенант (lieutenant, sir; literally “comrade lieutenant”).
The equivalent of Comrade replaced most titles in the Communist-era Eastern bloc, including non-aligned Yugoslavia, except Poland. In Poland, Obywatel ("citizen") replaced Pan, which was restored after the fall of Communism. The word "citizen" was chosen for ideological reasons, as pan (sir) was historically a title of a nobleman.
German socialist, however, preferred to address each other with the synonym "Genosse". When those originally Russian texts were translated from German into English, "Kamerad" was translated as "comrade", which is an old English word meaning the exactly the same thing: "friend", "companion" or "colleague".
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