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In Russia the village co-operative (obshchina or mir), operated from pre-serfdom times until the 20th century. Raiffeisen and Schultz-Delitsch developed an independently formulated co-operative model in Germany, the credit union. The model also moved abroad, reaching the United States by the 1880s and the Knights of Labour's projects. [39]
By 1900, the British co-operative movement had grown to 1,439 co-operatives covering virtually every area of the UK. [ 6 ] The later minute books for the REPS (Rochdale Equitable Pioneers Society) are held by Rochdale Boroughwide Cultural Trust but the wider records of the movement are held by the National Co-operative Archive at Holyoake House ...
The societies were pre-cooperative organizations based on the principle of benevolent assistance. To ensure liquidity equalization between the small credit banks, in 1872 Raiffeisen created the first rural central bank at Neuwied , the “Rheinische Landwirtschaftliche Genossenschaftsbank” (Rhenish Agricultural Cooperative Bank).
In 1946 he was appointed as an advisor on co-operatives to the Control Commission for Germany, rehabilitating the country's consumer co-operative movement, for which in 1959 he was awarded the Cross of Merit from the Federal Republic of Germany. [1] [4] In 1951 he was appointed director of the International Co-operative Alliance, retiring in ...
The British cooperative movement formed the Co-operative Party in the early 20th century to represent members of consumers' cooperatives in Parliament, which was the first of its kind. The Co-operative Party now has a permanent electoral pact with the Labour Party meaning someone cannot be a member if they support a party other than Labour.
The first working credit union models sprang up in Germany in the 1850s and 1860s, and by the end of the 19th Century had taken root in much of Europe. They drew inspiration from cooperative successes in other sectors, such as retail and agricultural marketing (see history of the cooperative movement).
Amalie Raiffeisen (2 August 1846 - 11 January 1897) was a German social reformer.. By the 1860s her father, Friedrich Wilhelm Raiffeisen, was almost blind.By handling his correspondence with him she was indispensable in his creation of the Cooperative movement in Germany.
Cole was also a theorist of the co-operative movement and made a number of contributions to the fields of co-operative studies, co-operative economics and the history of the co-operative movement. In particular, his book The British Co-operative Movement in a Socialist Society examined the economic status of the English CWS (the predecessor of ...