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The relative resistance of hepatitis C virus genotype I to interferon-based therapy has been attributed in part to homology between viral envelope protein E2 and host protein kinase R, a mediator of interferon-induced suppression of viral protein translation, [33] [34] although mechanisms of acquired and intrinsic resistance to interferon ...
Interferon beta-1a (also interferon beta 1-alpha) is a cytokine in the interferon family used to treat multiple sclerosis (MS). [5] It is produced by mammalian cells, while interferon beta-1b is produced in modified E. coli. [6] Some research indicates that interferon injections may result in an 18–38% reduction in the rate of MS relapses. [7]
The type-I interferons (IFN) are cytokines which play essential roles in inflammation, immunoregulation, tumor cells recognition, and T-cell responses. In the human genome, a cluster of thirteen functional IFN genes is located at the 9p21.3 cytoband over approximately 400 kb including coding genes for IFNα (IFNA1, IFNA2, IFNA4, IFNA5, IFNA6, IFNA7, IFNA8, IFNA10, IFNA13, IFNA14, IFNA16 ...
Interferon gamma (IFNG or IFN-γ) is a dimerized soluble cytokine that is the only member of the type II class of interferons. [5] The existence of this interferon, which early in its history was known as immune interferon, was described by E. F. Wheelock as a product of human leukocytes stimulated with phytohemagglutinin, and by others as a product of antigen-stimulated lymphocytes. [6]
Interferon alfa or HuIFN-alpha-Le, trade name Multiferon, is a pharmaceutical drug composed of natural interferon alpha (IFN-α), obtained from the leukocyte fraction of human blood following induction with Sendai virus. Interferon alfa contains several naturally occurring IFN-α subtypes and is purified by affinity chromatography.
Pegylated interferon alfa-2b is a drug used to treat melanoma, as an adjuvant therapy to surgery. [3] Also used to treat hepatitis C (typically, in combination with ribavarin), it is no longer recommended due to poor efficacy and adverse side-effects. [4] Subcutaneous injection is the preferred delivery method. [3]
Interferon therapy, and specially interferon beta-1b, induces the production of neutralizing antibodies, usually in the second 6 months of treatment, in 5 to 30% of treated patients. [4] Moreover, a subset of RRMS patients with specially active MS, sometimes called "rapidly worsening MS" are normally non-responders to interferon beta-1b. [9] [10]
Pegylated interferon (PEG-IFN) is a class of medication that includes three different drugs as of 2012: [1] Pegylated interferon-alpha-2a; Pegylated interferon-alpha-2b; Pegylated interferon beta-1a [2] In these formulations, Polyethylene glycol (PEG) is added to make interferon last longer in the body. [3]