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A pulmonary alveolus (pl. alveoli; from Latin alveolus ' little cavity '), also called an air sac or air space, is one of millions of hollow, distensible cup-shaped cavities in the lungs where pulmonary gas exchange takes place. [1] Oxygen is exchanged for carbon dioxide at the blood–air barrier between the alveolar air and the pulmonary ...
Mammary alveolus, a milk sac in the mammary glands; Alveolar gland; Dental alveolus, also known as "tooth socket", a socket in the jaw that holds the roots of teeth Alveolar ridge, the jaw structure that contains the dental alveoli; Alveolar canals; Alveolar process; Arteries: Superior alveolar artery (disambiguation) Anterior superior alveolar ...
It also sometimes includes the larynx. The lower respiratory tract is also called the respiratory tree or tracheobronchial tree, to describe the branching structure of airways supplying air to the lungs, and includes the trachea, bronchi and bronchioles. [8] trachea. main bronchus (diameter approximately 1 – 1.4 cm in adults) [9]
The respiratory system (also respiratory apparatus, ventilatory system) is a biological system consisting of specific organs and structures used for gas exchange in animals and plants. The anatomy and physiology that make this happen varies greatly, depending on the size of the organism, the environment in which it lives and its evolutionary ...
Micrograph showing hemosiderin-laden alveolar macrophages, as seen in a pulmonary hemorrhage. H&E stain.. An alveolar macrophage, pulmonary macrophage, (or dust cell) is a type of macrophage, a professional phagocyte, found in the airways and at the level of the alveoli in the lungs, but separated from their walls.
Panlobular emphysema, also called panacinar emphysema, affects all of the alveoli in a lobule, and can involve the whole lung or mainly the lower lobes. [ 18 ] [ 24 ] This type of emphysema is associated with alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency (A1AD or AATD), and Ritalin lung , [ 24 ] and is not related to smoking.
The nodules may also have a segmental or lobar distribution. Air alveolograms and air bronchograms can also be seen which indicate fluid in the alveoli with air in the terminal bronchioles indicating the disease is alveolar. [1] These findings appear soon after the onset of symptoms and change rapidly thereafter.
Although the alveolar process is composed of compact bone, it may be called the cribriform plate because it contains numerous openings known as Volkmann's canals, which allow blood vessels to pass between the alveolar bone and the PDL. The alveolar bone proper is also called bundle bone because Sharpey's fibres, part of the PDL, are inserted ...