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In software development, frontend refers to the presentation layer that users interact with, while backend involves the data management and processing behind the scenes. In the client–server model, the client is usually considered the frontend, handling user-facing tasks, and the server is the backend, managing data and logic.
For example, HyperText Transfer Protocol (HTTP), generally regarded as an application-layer protocol, has presentation-layer aspects such as the ability to identify character encoding for proper conversion, which is then done in the application layer. The presentation layer is the lowest layer at which application programmers consider data ...
Data access layer (a.k.a. persistence layer, logging, networking, and other services which are required to support a particular business layer) If the application architecture has no explicit distinction between the business layer and the presentation layer (i.e., the presentation layer is considered part of the business layer), then a ...
The application layer is the layer of the OSI model that is closest to the end user, which means both the OSI application layer and the user interact directly with a software application that implements a component of communication between the client and server, such as File Explorer and Microsoft Word.
Software architecture is about making fundamental structural choices that are costly to change once implemented. Software architecture choices include specific structural options from possibilities in the design of the software. There are two fundamental laws in software architecture: [3] [4] Everything is a trade-off "Why is more important ...
Separation of concerns is an important design principle in many other areas as well, such as urban planning, architecture and information design. [5] The goal is to more effectively understand, design, and manage complex interdependent systems, so that functions can be reused, optimized independently of other functions, and insulated from the ...
The structure of an application with PAC. Presentation–abstraction–control (PAC) is a software architectural pattern.It is an interaction-oriented software architecture, and is somewhat similar to model–view–controller (MVC) in that it separates an interactive system into three types of components responsible for specific aspects of the application's functionality.
The model–view–presenter software pattern originated in the early 1990s at Taligent, a joint venture of Apple, IBM, and Hewlett-Packard. [2] MVP is the underlying programming model for application development in Taligent's C++-based CommonPoint environment.