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  2. Comparison of version-control software - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comparison_of_version...

    update: Update the files in a working copy with the latest version from a repository; lock: Lock files in a repository from being changed by other users; add: Mark specified files to be added to repository at next commit; remove: Mark specified files to be removed at next commit (note: keeps cohesive revision history of before and at the remove.)

  3. Create, read, update and delete - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/.../Create,_read,_update_and_delete

    In computer programming, create, read, update, and delete (CRUD) are the four basic operations (actions) of persistent storage. [1] CRUD is also sometimes used to describe user interface conventions that facilitate viewing, searching, and changing information using computer-based forms and reports .

  4. Python (programming language) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Python_(programming_language)

    Python's is operator may be used to compare object identities (comparison by reference), and comparisons may be chained—for example, a <= b <= c. Python uses and, or, and not as Boolean operators. Python has a type of expression named a list comprehension, and a more general expression named a generator expression. [78]

  5. File locking - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File_locking

    A lock file is often the best approach if the resource to be controlled is not a regular file at all, so using methods for locking files does not apply. For example, a lock file might govern access to a set of related resources, such as several different files, directories, a group of disk partitions, or selected access to higher level ...

  6. Working directory - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Working_directory

    It is sometimes called the current working directory (CWD), e.g. the BSD getcwd [1] function, or just current directory. [2] When a process refers to a file using a path that does not begin with a / (forward slash), the path is interpreted as relative to the process's working directory.

  7. Command-line interface - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Command-line_interface

    The command-line environment may not provide graphical enhancements such as different fonts or extended edit windows found in a GUI. It may be difficult for a new user to become familiar with all the commands and options available, compared with the icons and drop-down menus of a graphical user interface, without reference to manuals.

  8. Time-of-check to time-of-use - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Time-of-check_to_time-of-use

    File system mazes force the victim to read a directory entry that is not in the OS cache, and the OS puts the victim to sleep while it is reading the directory from disk. Algorithmic complexity attacks force the victim to spend its entire scheduling quantum inside a single system call traversing the kernel's hash table of cached file names.

  9. File-system permissions - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File-system_permissions

    The owner may be a member of the file's group. Users who are not the owner, nor a member of the group, comprise a file's others class. Distinct permissions apply to others. The effective permissions are determined based on the first class the user falls within in the order of user, group then others. For example, the user who is the owner of ...