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The magnetosphere of Jupiter is the largest planetary magnetosphere in the Solar System, extending up to 7,000,000 kilometers (4,300,000 mi) on the dayside and almost to the orbit of Saturn on the nightside. [18] Jupiter's magnetosphere is stronger than Earth's by an order of magnitude, and its magnetic moment is approximately 18,000 times ...
Exploration of the Earth's Magnetosphere Archived 2013-02-14 at the Wayback Machine, Educational web site by David P. Stern and Mauricio Peredo; International Geomagnetic Reference Field 2011; Global evolution/anomaly of the Earth's magnetic field Archived 2016-06-24 at the Wayback Machine Sweeps are in 10° steps at 10 years intervals.
The convection circulation in the ionosphere and magnetosphere for these non-steady conditions is explained by the "expanding contracting polar cap" (ECPC) model and the Dungey Cycle is understood in terms of the plasma (and frozen-in field) motions returning the magnetosphere-ionosphere system towards equilibrium after it has been perturbed by ...
This makes Earth's surface warm enough for liquid water and life. In addition to trapping heat, the atmosphere also protects living organisms by shielding the Earth's surface from cosmic rays. [17] The magnetic field—created by the internal motions of the core—produces the magnetosphere which protects Earth's atmosphere from the solar wind ...
Isaac Newton applied his theory of mechanics to the tides and the precession of the equinox; and instruments were developed to measure the Earth's shape, density and gravity field, as well as the components of the water cycle. In the 20th century, geophysical methods were developed for remote exploration of the solid Earth and the ocean, and ...
Schematic of the Dungey cycle flow mapped into the ionosphere. The Dungey cycle, officially proposed by James Dungey in 1961, [1] is a phenomenon that explains interactions between a planet's magnetosphere and solar wind. [2] Dungey originally proposed a cyclic behavior of magnetic reconnection between Earth's magnetosphere and flux of solar wind.
Researchers have developed global models using MHD to simulate phenomena within Earth's magnetosphere, such as the location of Earth's magnetopause [24] (the boundary between the Earth's magnetic field and the solar wind), the formation of the ring current, auroral electrojets, [25] and geomagnetically induced currents.
In physics, the dynamo theory proposes a mechanism by which a celestial body such as Earth or a star generates a magnetic field. The dynamo theory describes the process through which a rotating, convecting , and electrically conducting fluid can maintain a magnetic field over astronomical time scales.