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  2. Numerical weather prediction - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Numerical_weather_prediction

    Weather reconnaissance aircraft, such as this WP-3D Orion, provide data that is then used in numerical weather forecasts.. The atmosphere is a fluid.As such, the idea of numerical weather prediction is to sample the state of the fluid at a given time and use the equations of fluid dynamics and thermodynamics to estimate the state of the fluid at some time in the future.

  3. Atmospheric model - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atmospheric_model

    Atmospheric model. In atmospheric science, an atmospheric model is a mathematical model constructed around the full set of primitive, dynamical equations which govern atmospheric motions. It can supplement these equations with parameterizations for turbulent diffusion, radiation, moist processes (clouds and precipitation), heat exchange, soil ...

  4. Weather forecasting - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weather_forecasting

    Within any modern model is a set of equations, known as the primitive equations, used to predict the future state of the atmosphere. [61] These equations—along with the ideal gas law—are used to evolve the density, pressure, and potential temperature scalar fields and the velocity vector field of the atmosphere through

  5. Weather Research and Forecasting Model - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weather_Research_and...

    Time period is from 0000 UTC 22 August 2005 to 0000 UTC 24 August 2005. The Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) Model[1] (/ ˈwɔːrf /) is a numerical weather prediction (NWP) system designed to serve both atmospheric research and operational forecasting needs. NWP refers to the simulation and prediction of the atmosphere with a computer ...

  6. Climate model - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Climate_model

    Climate models are systems of differential equations based on the basic laws of physics, fluid motion, and chemistry. Scientists divide the planet into a 3-dimensional grid and apply the basic equations to those grids. Atmospheric models calculate winds, heat transfer, radiation, relative humidity, and surface hydrology within each grid and ...

  7. Primitive equations - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Primitive_equations

    Primitive equations. The primitive equations are a set of nonlinear partial differential equations that are used to approximate global atmospheric flow and are used in most atmospheric models. They consist of three main sets of balance equations: A continuity equation: Representing the conservation of mass.

  8. General circulation model - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/General_circulation_model

    Atmospheric models calculate winds, heat transfer, radiation, relative humidity, and surface hydrology within each grid and evaluate interactions with neighboring points. [1] A general circulation model (GCM) is a type of climate model. It employs a mathematical model of the general circulation of a planetary atmosphere or ocean.

  9. History of numerical weather prediction - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_numerical...

    [2] [18] Later additions to primitive equation models allowed additional insight into different weather phenomena. In the United States, solar radiation effects were added to the primitive equation model in 1967; moisture effects and latent heat were added in 1968; and feedback effects from rain on convection were incorporated

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