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  2. Topographic map - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Topographic_map

    In modern mapping, a topographic map or topographic sheet is a type of map characterized by large- scale detail and quantitative representation of relief features, usually using contour lines (connecting points of equal elevation), but historically using a variety of methods. Traditional definitions require a topographic map to show both ...

  3. Surveying - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surveying

    Surveying. A surveyor using a total station. A student using a theodolite in field. Surveying or land surveying is the technique, profession, art, and science of determining the terrestrial two-dimensional or three-dimensional positions of points and the distances and angles between them. These points are usually on the surface of the Earth ...

  4. History of surveying in the United States - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_surveying_in...

    Surveying was not only for the wealthy plantation owners, but the entire new nation needed to be surveyed and resurveyed. Most of all, the proposed new capital city, bearing Washington's name, needed to be surveyed. A two-man team would survey what became the District of Columbia in 1791. The first was Benjamin Banneker, a free ex-slave, who ...

  5. Public Land Survey System - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public_Land_Survey_System

    The Public Land Survey System (PLSS) is the surveying method developed and used in the United States to plat, or divide, real property for sale and settling. Also known as the Rectangular Survey System, it was created by the Land Ordinance of 1785 to survey land ceded to the United States by the Treaty of Paris in 1783, following the end of the ...

  6. Topography - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Topography

    Topography is a field of geoscience and planetary science and is concerned with local detail in general, including not only relief, but also natural, artificial, and cultural features such as roads, land boundaries, and buildings. [1] In the United States, topography often means specifically relief, even though the USGS topographic maps record ...

  7. United States Geological Survey - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Geological...

    Website. www.usgs.gov. The United States Geological Survey (USGS), founded as the Geological Survey, is an agency of the U.S. Department of the Interior whose work spans the disciplines of biology, geography, geology, and hydrology. The agency was founded on March 3, 1879, to study the landscape of the United States, its natural resources, and ...

  8. United States Coast and Geodetic Survey - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Coast_and...

    The United States Coast and Geodetic Survey (abbreviated USC&GS; known as the Survey of the Coast from 1807 to 1836, and as the United States Coast Survey from 1836 until 1878) was the first scientific agency of the United States Government. It existed from 1807 to 1970, and throughout its history was responsible for mapping and charting the ...

  9. Geological survey - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geological_survey

    A geological survey is the systematic investigation of the geology beneath a given piece of ground for the purpose of creating a geological map or model.Geological surveying employs techniques from the traditional walk-over survey, studying outcrops and landforms, to intrusive methods, such as hand augering and machine-driven boreholes, to the use of geophysical techniques and remote sensing ...

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