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Surface chemistry of cooking. In cooking several factors, including materials, techniques, and temperature, can influence the surface chemistry of the chemical reactions and interactions that create food. All of these factors depend on the chemical properties of the surfaces of the materials used. The material properties of cookware, such as ...
brine. To soak a food item in salted water. broasting. A method of cooking chicken and other foods using a pressure fryer and condiments. browning. The process of partially cooking the surface of meat to help remove excessive fat and to give the meat a brown color crust and flavor through various browning reactions.
Molecular gastronomy is the scientific approach of cuisine from primarily the perspective of chemistry. The composition (molecular structure), properties (mass, viscosity, etc) and transformations (chemical reactions, reactant products) of an ingredient are addressed and utilized in the preparation and appreciation of the ingested products.
Low-temperature cooking is a cooking technique that uses temperatures in the range of about 60 to 90 °C (140 to 194 °F) [1] for a prolonged time to cook food. Low-temperature cooking methods include sous vide cooking, slow cooking using a slow cooker, cooking in a normal oven which has a minimal setting of about 70 °C (158 °F), and using a combi steamer providing exact temperature control.
Sous vide cooking using thermal immersion circulator machines. Sous vide (/ s uː ˈ v iː d /; French for 'under vacuum' [1]), also known as low-temperature, long-time (LTLT) cooking, [2] [3] [4] is a method of cooking invented by the French chef Georges Pralus in 1974, [5] [6] in which food is placed in a plastic pouch or a glass jar and cooked in a water bath for longer than usual cooking ...
In Canada, a teaspoon is historically 1⁄6 imperial fluid ounce (4.74 mL) and a tablespoon is 1⁄2 imperial fl oz (14.21 mL). In both Britain and Canada, cooking utensils come in 5 mL for teaspoons and 15 mL for tablespoons, hence why it is labelled as that on the chart. The volumetric measures here are for comparison only.
Process analytical technology (PAT) has been defined by the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) as a mechanism to design, analyze, and control pharmaceutical manufacturing processes through the measurement of critical process parameters (CPP) which affect the critical quality attributes (CQA). The concept aims at understanding the ...
Searing or pan searing is a technique used in grilling, baking, braising, roasting, sautéing, and the like, in which the surface of the food (usually meat such as beef, poultry, pork, or seafood) is cooked at high temperature until a browned crust forms. Similar techniques, such as browning and blackening, are typically used to sear all sides ...