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  2. Rock cycle - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rock_cycle

    The rock cycle explains how the three rock types are related to each other, and how processes change from one type to another over time. This cyclical aspect makes rock change a geologic cycle and, on planets containing life, a biogeochemical cycle. Structures of Igneous Rock. Legend: A = magma chamber (batholith); B = dyke /dike; C = laccolith ...

  3. Formation of rocks - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Formation_of_rocks

    Sedimentary rocks are formed through the gradual accumulation of sediments: for example, sand on a beach or mud on a river bed. As the sediments are buried they get compacted as more and more material is deposited on top. Eventually the sediments will become so dense that they would essentially form a rock. This process is known as lithification.

  4. Rock (geology) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rock_(geology)

    e. In geology, rock (or stone) is any naturally occurring solid mass or aggregate of minerals or mineraloid matter. It is categorized by the minerals included, its chemical composition, and the way in which it is formed. Rocks form the Earth's outer solid layer, the crust, and most of its interior, except for the liquid outer core and pockets ...

  5. Weathering - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weathering

    Weathering is the deterioration of rocks, soils and minerals (as well as wood and artificial materials) through contact with water, atmospheric gases, sunlight, and biological organisms. It occurs in situ (on-site, with little or no movement), and so is distinct from erosion, which involves the transport of rocks and minerals by agents such as ...

  6. Provenance (geology) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Provenance_(geology)

    Provenance in geology, is the reconstruction of the origin of sediments. The Earth is a dynamic planet, and all rocks are subject to transition between the three main rock types: sedimentary, metamorphic, and igneous rocks (the rock cycle). Rocks exposed to the surface are eventually broken down into sediments.

  7. Biogeochemical cycle - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biogeochemical_cycle

    A biogeochemical cycle, or more generally a cycle of matter, [1] is the movement and transformation of chemical elements and compounds between living organisms, the atmosphere, and the Earth's crust. Major biogeochemical cycles include the carbon cycle, the nitrogen cycle and the water cycle. In each cycle, the chemical element or molecule is ...

  8. Geology - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geology

    Solidified lava flow in Hawaii Sedimentary layers in Badlands National Park, South Dakota Metamorphic rock, Nunavut, Canada. Geology (from Ancient Greek γῆ (gê) 'earth' and λoγία () 'study of, discourse') [1] [2] is a branch of natural science concerned with the Earth and other astronomical objects, the rocks of which they are composed, and the processes by which they change over time. [3]

  9. List of rock types - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_rock_types

    Claystone – Clastic sedimentary rock composed primarily of clay-sized particles. Coal – Combustible sedimentary rock composed primarily of carbon. Conglomerate – Sedimentary rock composed of smaller rock fragments. Coquina – Sedimentary rock that is composed mostly of fragments of shells.

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