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In optics, polarized light can be described using the Jones calculus, [ 1 ] invented by R. C. Jones in 1941. Polarized light is represented by a Jones vector, and linear optical elements are represented by Jones matrices. When light crosses an optical element the resulting polarization of the emerging light is found by taking the product of the ...
Spatial weight matrix. The concept of a spatial weight is used in spatial analysis to describe neighbor relations between regions on a map. [1] If location is a neighbor of location then otherwise . Usually (though not always) we do not consider a site to be a neighbor of itself [2] so . These coefficients are encoded in the spatial weight matrix.
Zone of calcification In this zone, chondrocytes are either dying or dead, leaving cavities that will later become invaded by bone-forming cells. Chondrocytes here die when they can no longer receive nutrients or eliminate wastes via diffusion. This is because the calcified matrix is much less hydrated than hyaline cartilage. Zone of ossification
Chondrocyte. Light micrograph of undecalcified hyaline cartilage showing its chondrocytes and organelles, lacunae and matrix. Chondrocytes (/ ˈkɒndrəsaɪt, - droʊ -/, [1] from Greek χόνδρος (chondros) 'cartilage' and κύτος (kytos) 'cell') are the only cells found in healthy cartilage. They produce and maintain the cartilaginous ...
The finite element method (FEM) is a popular method for numerically solving differential equations arising in engineering and mathematical modeling. Typical problem areas of interest include the traditional fields of structural analysis, heat transfer, fluid flow, mass transport, and electromagnetic potential.
Hyaline cartilage exists on the sternal ends of the ribs, in the larynx, trachea, and bronchi, and on the articulating surfaces of bones. It gives the structures a definite but pliable form. The presence of collagen fibres makes such structures and joints strong, but with limited mobility and flexibility. Hyaline cartilage is the most prevalent ...
8. lattice. In mathematics, the E8 lattice is a special lattice in R8. It can be characterized as the unique positive-definite, even, unimodular lattice of rank 8. The name derives from the fact that it is the root lattice of the E 8 root system. The norm [1] of the E 8 lattice (divided by 2) is a positive definite even unimodular quadratic ...
The Jacobian matrix for this coordinate change is (,,) = [] = [ ]. The determinant is ρ 2 sin φ . Since dV = dx dy dz is the volume for a rectangular differential volume element (because the volume of a rectangular prism is the product of its sides), we can interpret dV = ρ 2 sin φ dρ ...