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  2. Counter (digital) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Counter_(digital)

    An asynchronous (ripple) counter is a "chain" of toggle (T) flip-flops wherein the least-significant flip-flop (bit 0) is clocked by an external signal (the counter input clock), and all other flip-flops are clocked by the output of the nearest, less significant flip-flop (e.g., bit 0 clocks the bit 1 flip-flop, bit 1 clocks the bit 2 flip-flop ...

  3. Shift register - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shift_register

    Shift register. A shift register is a type of digital circuit using a cascade of flip-flops where the output of one flip-flop is connected to the input of the next. They share a single clock signal, which causes the data stored in the system to shift from one location to the next. By connecting the last flip-flop back to the first, the data can ...

  4. Digital electronics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_electronics

    A 4-bit ring counter using D-type flip flops is an example of synchronous logic. Each device is connected to the clock signal, and update together. Main article: synchronous logic

  5. Flip-flop (electronics) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flip-flop_(electronics)

    The D flip-flop is widely used, and known as a "data" flip-flop. The D flip-flop captures the value of the D-input at a definite portion of the clock cycle (such as the rising edge of the clock). That captured value becomes the Q output. At other times, the output Q does not change. [23] [24] The D flip-flop can be viewed as a memory cell, a ...

  6. Linear-feedback shift register - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linear-feedback_shift_register

    A standard LFSR has a single XOR or XNOR gate, where the input of the gate is connected to several "taps" and the output is connected to the input of the first flip-flop. A MISR has the same structure, but the input to every flip-flop is fed through an XOR/XNOR gate. For example, a 4-bit MISR has a 4-bit parallel output and a 4-bit parallel input.

  7. Clock gating - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clock_gating

    Clock gating. In computer architecture, clock gating is a popular power management technique used in many synchronous circuits for reducing dynamic power dissipation, by removing the clock signal when the circuit, or a subpart of it, is not in use or ignores clock signal. Clock gating saves power by pruning the clock tree, at the cost of adding ...

  8. Register-transfer level - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Register-transfer_level

    Register-transfer level. In digital circuit design, register-transfer level (RTL) is a design abstraction which models a synchronous digital circuit in terms of the flow of digital signals (data) between hardware registers, and the logical operations performed on those signals. Register-transfer-level abstraction is used in hardware description ...

  9. Metastability (electronics) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metastability_(electronics)

    Synchronizers may take the form of a cascade of D flip-flops (e.g. the shift register in Figure 3). [7] Although each flip-flop stage adds an additional clock cycle of latency to the input data stream, each stage provides an opportunity to resolve metastability. Such synchronizers can be engineered to reduce metastability to a negligible but ...