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Catholic Church and Nazi Germany during World War II. The German nun and saint Edith Stein. Ethnically Jewish, she was arrested at a Netherlands convent and murdered in the gas chambers Auschwitz, following a protest by Dutch bishops against the abduction of Jews. Several Catholic countries and populations fell under Nazi domination during the ...
e. Popes Pius XI (1922–1939) and Pius XII (1939–1958) led the Catholic Church during the rise and fall of Nazi Germany. Around a third of Germans were Catholic in the 1930s, most of them lived in Southern Germany; Protestants dominated the north. The Catholic Church in Germany opposed the Nazi Party, and in the 1933 elections, the ...
During the Holocaust, the Catholic Church played a role in the rescue of hundreds of thousands of Jews from being murdered by the Nazis.Members of the Church, through lobbying of Axis officials, provision of false documents, and the hiding of people in monasteries, convents, schools, among families and the institutions of the Vatican itself, saved hundreds of thousands of Jews.
The origins of the first ratlines are connected to various developments in Vatican-Argentine relations before and during World War II. [7] As early as 1942, the Vatican Secretary of State Cardinal Luigi Maglione – evidently at the behest of Pope Pius XII – contacted an ambassador of Argentina regarding that country's willingness to accept European Catholic immigrants in a timely manner ...
According to John Morley, who wrote about Vatican diplomacy during the Holocaust, "one of the principal concerns of the Vatican, especially in the early days of the war, was those Jews who had converted to Catholicism, the so-called Catholic or Christian non-Aryans". [1] Morley further argues that Pius XII was "primarily, almost exclusively ...
During World War II, some individuals and groups helped Jews and others escape the Holocaust conducted by Nazi Germany. The support, or at least absence of active opposition, of the local population was essential to Jews attempting to hide but often lacking in Eastern Europe. [1] Those in hiding depended on the assistance of non-Jews. [2]
The Reichskonkordat ("Concordat between the Holy See and the German Reich" [1]) is a treaty negotiated between the Vatican and the emergent Nazi Germany.It was signed on 20 July 1933 by Cardinal Secretary of State Eugenio Pacelli, who later became Pope Pius XII, on behalf of Pope Pius XI and Vice Chancellor Franz von Papen on behalf of President Paul von Hindenburg and the German government.
Cardinal Adolf Bertram, ex officio head of the German church from 1920 to 1945. Catholic bishops in Nazi Germany differed in their responses to the rise of Nazi Germany, World War II, and the Holocaust during the years 1933–1945. In the 1930s, the Episcopate of the Catholic Church of Germany comprised 6 Archbishops and 19 bishops while German ...