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The neurocranium is divided into two portions: the membranous part, consisting of flat bones, which surround the brain; and; the cartilaginous part, or chondrocranium, which forms bones of the base of the skull. [3] In humans, the neurocranium is usually considered to include the following eight bones: 1 ethmoid bone; 1 frontal bone [5] 1 ...
Chondrocranium. The chondrocranium (or cartilaginous neurocranium) is the primitive cartilaginous skeletal structure of the fetal skull that grows to envelop the rapidly growing embryonic brain. [1] The chondrocranium in different species can vary greatly, but in general it is made up of four components, the sphenoids, occipitals, otic capsules ...
Elements of the cartilaginous viscerocranium (i.e., splanchnocranial elements), such as the hyoid bone, are sometimes considered part of the facial skeleton. The ethmoid bone (or a part of it) and also the sphenoid bone are sometimes included, but otherwise considered part of the neurocranium. Because the maxillary bones are fused, they are ...
The skull is a bone protective cavity for the brain. [1] The skull is composed of three types of bone: cranial bones, facial bones, and ear ossicles. Two parts are more prominent: the cranium (pl.: craniums or crania) and the mandible. [2] In humans, these two parts are the neurocranium (braincase) and the viscerocranium (facial skeleton) that ...
Endochondral ossification[1][2] is one of the two essential pathways by which bone tissue is produced during fetal development of the mammalian skeletal system, the other pathway being intramembranous ossification. Both endochondral and intramembranous processes initiate from a precursor mesenchymal tissue, but their transformations into bone ...
Cranial neural crest. The cranial neural crest is one of the four regions of the neural crest. [1] The cranial neural crest arises in the anterior and populates the face and the pharyngeal arches giving rise to bones, cartilage, nerves and connective tissue. [2] The endocranium and facial bones of the skull are ultimately derived from crest cells.
Cranial cavity. The cranial cavity, also known as intracranial space, is the space within the skull that accommodates the brain. The skull minus the mandible is called the cranium. The cavity is formed by eight cranial bones known as the neurocranium that in humans includes the skull cap and forms the protective case around the brain. The ...
In humans and other mammals, the endocranium forms during fetal development as a cartilaginous neurocranium, that ossifies from several centers. [3] Several of these bones merge, and in the adult primates (including humans), the endocranium is composed of only five bony elements (from front to back): [4] The ethmoid bone, lying behind the nose.