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According to addiction researcher Martin A. Plant, some people go through a period of self-redefinition before initiating recreational drug use. [14] They tend to view using drugs as part of a general lifestyle that involves belonging to a subculture that they associate with heightened status and the challenging of social norms. [ 14 ]
The CRAFFT [1] is a short clinical assessment tool designed to screen for substance-related risks and problems in adolescents. CRAFFT stands for the key words of the 6 items in the second section of the assessment - Car, Relax, Alone, Forget, Friends, Trouble. As of 2020, updated versions of the CRAFFT known as the "CRAFFT 2.1" and "CRAFFT 2.1 ...
Crack cocaine, commonly known simply as crack, and also known as rock, is a free base form of the stimulant cocaine that can be smoked. Crack offers a short, intense high to smokers. The Manual of Adolescent Substance Abuse Treatment calls it the most addictive form of cocaine.
The differences in the genetic regions encoding the dopamine receptors for each individual may help to elucidate part of the risk for opioid addiction and general substance abuse. [10] Studies of the D2 Dopamine Receptor, in particular, have shown some promising results. One specific SNP is at the TaqI RFLP (rs1800497).
Since the U.S. drug war was declared in 1971, various drugs have been identified as public enemy number one—from crack cocaine, in the 1980s, to prescription opioids in the early 2000s. Today ...
The Addiction Severity Index (ASI) is used to assess the severity of patient's addiction and analyse the need of treatment which has been in use for more than 2 decades since its publication in 1992. It is used in a variety of settings such as clinics, mental health services in the US, the Indian Health Service and several European countries ...
In addition to the added potency, the drug has a “low cost,” which leads drug dealers to mix fentanyl with drugs like “heroin, methamphetamine and cocaine, increasing the likelihood of a ...
Substance dependence, also known as drug dependence, is a biopsychological situation whereby an individual's functionality is dependent on the necessitated re-consumption of a psychoactive substance because of an adaptive state that has developed within the individual from psychoactive substance consumption that results in the experience of withdrawal and that necessitates the re-consumption ...