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The AWS states that for an equivalent carbon content above 0.40% there is a potential for cracking in the heat-affected zone (HAZ) on flame cut edges and welds. However, structural engineering standards rarely use CE, but rather limit the maximum percentage of certain alloying elements.
The American Welding Society (AWS) publishes over 240 AWS-developed codes, recommended practices and guides which are written in accordance with American National Standards Institute (ANSI) practices. [1] The following is a partial list of the more common publications: [citation needed]
Two pointed electrodes apply pressure and current to two or more thin workpieces. Automobile industry, Aerospace industry. Resistance seam welding [6] 22. RSEW. Two wheel-shaped electrodes roll along workpieces, applying pressure and current. Aerospace industry, steel drums, tubing. Projection welding. 23.
Then, depending on the carbon content (with additional elements influencing the carbon equivalent index), steels can be classified into three zones, from their cold cracking behavior, as shown in the Graville diagram. [11] Zone I includes low-carbon and low-alloy steels with a carbon content lower than 0.10%. Materials that lie in this region ...
Hardenability is the depth to which a steel is hardened after putting it through a heat treatment process. It should not be confused with hardness, which is a measure of a sample's resistance to indentation or scratching. [1] It is an important property for welding, since it is inversely proportional to weldability, that is, the ease of welding ...
Weldability. The weldability, also known as joinability, [1] of a material refers to its ability to be welded. Many metals and thermoplastics can be welded, but some are easier to weld than others (see Rheological weldability). A material's weldability is used to determine the welding process and to compare the final weld quality to other ...
Diagram showing the construction of a typical leaded hub joint. Cast iron piping was traditionally made with one "spigot" end (plain, which was cut to length as needed) and one "socket" or "hub" end (cup-shaped). The larger-diameter hub was also called a "bell" because of its shape.
A6061. 6061 aluminium alloy (Unified Numbering System (UNS) designation A96061) is a precipitation-hardened aluminium alloy, containing magnesium and silicon as its major alloying elements. Originally called "Alloy 61S", it was developed in 1935. [2] It has good mechanical properties, exhibits good weldability, and is very commonly extruded ...