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Gut microbiota, gut microbiome, or gut flora are the microorganisms, including bacteria, archaea, fungi, and viruses, that live in the digestive tracts of animals. [ 1 ][ 2 ] The gastrointestinal metagenome is the aggregate of all the genomes of the gut microbiota. [ 3 ][ 4 ] The gut is the main location of the human microbiome. [ 5 ]
Auto-brewery syndrome (ABS) (also known as gut fermentation syndrome, endogenous ethanol fermentation or drunkenness disease) is a condition characterized by the fermentation of ingested carbohydrates in the gastrointestinal tract of the body caused by bacteria or fungi. [1] ABS is a rare medical condition in which intoxicating quantities of ...
The human infant gut is relatively sterile up until birth, where it takes up bacteria from its surrounding environment and its mother. [14] The microbiota that makes up the infant gut differs from the adult gut. An infant reaches the adult stage of their microbiome at around three years of age, when their microbiome diversity increases ...
Phocaeicola vulgatus, (formerly Bacteroides vulgatus), [1] is a mutualistic anaerobic Gram negative rod bacteria commonly found in the human gut microbiome and isolated from feces. [2] P. vulgatus has medical relevance and has been notable in scientific research due to its production of fatty acids, potential use as a probiotic, and ...
The gut microbiota are very important for the host health because they play role in degradation of non-digestible polysaccharides (fermentation of resistant starch, oligosaccharides, inulin) strengthening gut integrity or shaping the intestinal epithelium, harvesting energy, protecting against pathogens, and regulating host immunity.
The manipulation of the gut microbiota is complex and may cause bacteria-host interactions. [5] Though probiotics are considered safe, some have concerns about their safety in certain cases. [ 5 ] [ 40 ] Some people, such as those with immunodeficiency , short bowel syndrome , central venous catheters , and cardiac valve disease , and premature ...
A microbiome (from Ancient Greek μικρός (mikrós) 'small' and βίος (bíos) 'life') is the community of microorganisms that can usually be found living together in any given habitat. It was defined more precisely in 1988 by Whipps et al. as "a characteristic microbial community occupying a reasonably well-defined habitat which has ...
MacConkey agar is a selective and differential culture medium for bacteria. It is designed to selectively isolate gram-negative and enteric (normally found in the intestinal tract) bacteria and differentiate them based on lactose fermentation. [1] Lactose fermenters turn red or pink on MacConkey agar, and nonfermenters do not change color.
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