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In Hispanic America, criollo (Spanish pronunciation: [ˈkɾjoʝo]) is a term used originally to describe people of full Spanish descent born in the viceroyalties. In different Latin American countries, the word has come to have different meanings, mostly referring to the local-born majority. Historically, they have been misportrayed as a social ...
Early Spanish settlers were mostly explorers, soldiers, government officials, religious missionaries, and among others, who were born in Spain and Mexico called Peninsulares (Spanish migrants living in the colony) or Criollo (Spaniards of pure White blood), who settled in the islands with their families to govern the colony, and the majority of ...
In the context of the Spanish Empire, a peninsular (Spanish pronunciation: [peninsuˈlaɾ], pl. peninsulares) was a Spaniard born in Spain residing in the New World, Spanish East Indies, or Spanish Guinea. [1] In the context of the Portuguese Empire, reinóis (singular reinol) were Portuguese people born in Portugal residing primarily in ...
In Argentina, in an ambiguous ethnoracial way, criollo currently is used for people whose ancestors were already present in the territory in the colonial period, regardless their ethnicity. The exception are dark-skinned African people and current indigenous groups. The word criollo is the origin and cognate of the French word creole.
Predominantly Roman Catholic; religious minorities including Protestants and syncretism with Indigenous beliefs exist. Mestizo (/ mɛsˈtiːzoʊ, mɪs -/ mess-TEE-zoh, mis-; [1][2] Spanish: [mesˈtiθo]; fem. mestiza, literally 'mixed person') is a person of mixed European and Indigenous non-European ancestry in the former Spanish Empire. [3][4 ...
The Mexican War of Independence was an attempt, ultimately successful, led by Mexican-born Spaniards, called "criollos", to shake off the rule of Spain and the political and social dominance in Mexico of a small number of Spanish-born people living in Mexico, called "peninsulares" or derisively "gachupines."
Criollos of Spanish descent born in the New World, and mestizos of mixed Indigenous and European heritage replaced Spanish-born appointees in most political governments. Criollos remained at the top of a social structure that retained some of its traditional features culturally, if not legally. Slavery finally ended in all of the new nations.
Creole nationalism. Simón Bolívar was an important leader in the development of Creole Nationalism in Venezuela. The term Creole nationalism or Criollo nationalism refers to the ideology that emerged in independence movements among the Criollos (descendants of the European colonizers), especially in Latin America in the early 19th century.