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Liposome. Scheme of a liposome formed by phospholipids in an aqueous solution. Liposomes are composite structures made of phospholipids and may contain small amounts of other molecules. Though liposomes can vary in size from low micrometer range to tens of micrometers, unilamellar liposomes, as pictured here, are typically in the lower size ...
Nanotechnology in agriculture. Research has shown nanoparticles to be a groundbreaking tool for tackling many arising global issues, the agricultural industry being no exception. In general, a nanoparticle is defined as any particle where one characteristic dimension is 100 nm or less. [1] Because of their unique size, these particles begin to ...
Cell fusion is an important cellular process in which several uninucleate cells (cells with a single nucleus) combine to form a multinucleate cell, known as a syncytium. Cell fusion occurs during differentiation of myoblasts, osteoclasts and trophoblasts, during embryogenesis, and morphogenesis. [1] Cell fusion is a necessary event in the ...
Nanobiotechnology is often used to describe the overlapping multidisciplinary activities associated with biosensors, particularly where photonics, chemistry, biology, biophysics, nanomedicine, and engineering converge. Measurement in biology using wave guide techniques, such as dual-polarization interferometry, is another example.
Gene delivery is the process of introducing foreign genetic material, such as DNA or RNA, into host cells. [1] Gene delivery must reach the genome of the host cell to induce gene expression. [2] Successful gene delivery requires the foreign gene delivery to remain stable within the host cell and can either integrate into the genome or replicate ...
Industrial applications include protein production, [7] biomanufacture, [8] and genetic engineering of plants and animals. [9] Intracellular delivery is a fundamental technique in the study of biology and genetics, such as the use of DNA plasmid transfection to investigate protein function in living cells. [ 10 ]
Process. Cell–cell fusogens are proteins that promote plasma membrane fusion among different cells. To be considered a fusogen, it must be required for fusion, fuse unfamiliar membranes, and be present on the fusing membrane when need be. These cells include but are not limited too: gametes, trophoblasts, epithelial, and other developmental ...
Animal cell structure. A vacuole (/ ˈvækjuːoʊl /) is a membrane-bound organelle which is present in plant and fungal cells and some protist, animal, and bacterial cells. [1][2] Vacuoles are essentially enclosed compartments which are filled with water containing inorganic and organic molecules including enzymes in solution, though in ...