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Hydroxyproline and proline play key roles for collagen stability. [4] They permit the sharp twisting of the collagen helix. [5] In the canonical collagen Xaa-Yaa-Gly triad (where Xaa and Yaa are any amino acid), a proline occupying the Yaa position is hydroxylated to give a Xaa-Hyp-Gly sequence.
In enzymology, a 4-hydroxyproline epimerase (EC 5.1.1.8) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction trans -4-hydroxy-L-proline ⇌ {\displaystyle \rightleftharpoons } cis -4-hydroxy-D-proline Hence, this enzyme has one substrate , trans-4-hydroxy-L-proline , and one product , cis-4-hydroxy-D-proline .
In 1954, Ramachandran & Kartha (13, 14) advanced a structure for the collagen triple helix on the basis of fiber diffraction data. It consists of a triple helix made of the repetitious amino acid sequence glycine-X-Y, where X and Y are frequently proline or hydroxyproline. [2] [3] Collagen folded into a triple helix is known as tropocollagen.
A medical triad is a group of three signs or symptoms, the result of injury to three organs, which characterise a specific medical condition. The appearance of all three signs conjoined together in another patient, points to that the patient has the same medical condition, or diagnosis.
Singh RM, Adams E (Nov 1965). "Isolation and identification of 2,5-dioxovalerate, an intermediate in the bacterial oxidation of hydroxyproline". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 240 (11): 4352–6. PMID 5845839
Adams E; Goldstone A (1960). "Hydroxyproline metabolism. III. Enzymatic synthesis of hydroxyproline from Delta1-pyrroline-3-hydroxy-5-carboxylate".
With synthetic peptides, a preference is shown for Gly at P3 and P1', Pro and Ala at P2 and P2', and hydroxyproline, Ala or Arg at P3' Six species of metalloendopeptidase acting on native collagen can be isolated from the medium of Clostridium histolyticum .
trans-L-3-hydroxyproline Δ 1-pyrroline 2-carboxylate + H 2 O This enzyme belongs to the family of lyases , specifically the hydro-lyases, which cleave carbon-oxygen bonds. The systematic name of this enzyme class is trans - L -3-hydroxyproline hydro-lyase (Δ 1 -pyrroline-2-carboxylate-forming) .
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