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Fungi provide numerous ecosystem services that are essential in maintaining ecological environments and reducing the effects of climate change. [3] Fungi help facilitate the nutrient cycle and carbon cycle, act as a food source for humans and animals, regulate animals populations, and contribute to the degradation of various pollutants. [3]
Mycoforestry is an ecological forest management system implemented to enhance forest ecosystems and plant communities, by introducing the mycorrhizal and saprotrophic fungi. Mycoforestry is considered a type of permaculture [ 1 ] and can be implemented as a beneficial component of an agroforestry system.
Map of countries with Red Lists for fungi. As of December 2019, the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) has evaluated the conservation status of 280 fungus species. [1] Previously in the 2017-3 release, the IUCN evaluated the conservation status of 56 fungus species. [2]
Thus, forest ecological studies are sometimes closely aligned with meteorological and hydrological studies in regional ecosystem or resource planning studies. Perhaps more importantly the duff or leaf litter can form a major repository of water storage. When this litter is removed or compacted (through grazing or human overuse), erosion and ...
Fungi perform an essential role in the decomposition of organic matter and have fundamental roles in nutrient cycling and exchange in the environment. They have long been used as a direct source of human food , in the form of mushrooms and truffles ; as a leavening agent for bread; and in the fermentation of various food products, such as wine ...
The conservation ethic advocates management of natural resources for the purpose of sustaining biodiversity in species, ecosystems, the evolutionary process and human culture and society. [54] [203] [205] [206] [207] Conservation biology is reforming around strategic plans to protect biodiversity.
Further reading on the role of arbuscular and ectomycorrhizal fungi in soil carbon storage and decomposition can be found in Zhu and Miller 2003, [37] Ekblad et al. 2013, [38] respectively, and the 2019 paper "Climatic controls of decomposition drive the global biogeography of forest-tree symbioses".
For example, while some studies have found that reductions in the abundance and presence of soil organisms results in the decline of multiple ecosystem functions, [28] others concluded that above-ground plant diversity alone is a better predictor of ecosystem multi-functionality than soil biodiversity. [29]