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Hydrographic offices evolved from naval heritage and are usually found within national naval structures, for example Spain's Instituto Hidrográfico de la Marina. [1] Coordination of those organizations and product standardization is voluntarily joined with the goal of improving hydrography and safe navigation is conducted by the International ...
In the development of hydrographic services, shipping organizations played a part, but the major players were the naval powers. Recognizing hydrographic information was a military advantage these naval organizations, usually under the direction of a "Hydrographer," utilized the expertise of naval officers in collecting hydrographic data that was incorporated into the navy's collection.
The Camuy River (Spanish: Río Camuy; Spanish pronunciation:) is a river in Puerto Rico.It is the third largest underground river in the world and [2] helped shape the cave system known as the Rio Camuy Caves.
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The map was created upon the behest of then governor-general Fernando Valdes y Tamon in response to an order from Philip V of Spain. [9] Alongside his name, Nicolás de la Cruz Bagay noted he was an "Indio Tagalo". [10] The map shows maritime routes from Manila to Spain and New Spain.
The Instituto Hidrográfico de la Marina (IHM; literally "Hydrographic Institute of the Navy") is a Spanish institution with responsibilities in the fields of hydrography, geodesy and photogrammetry, cartography, navigation and oceanography.
Preparation of maps, atlases, sailing directions and other guidance materials for safe navigation, as well as making periodical corrections —when needed. Erection and proper maintenance of lighthouses , electric beacons , rescue stations , towers , day beacons , buoys , signals, and other warning devices to improve navigation safety.