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Naturalism is a literary movement beginning in the late nineteenth century, similar to literary realism in its rejection of Romanticism, but distinct in its embrace of determinism, detachment, scientific objectivism, and social commentary. Literary naturalism emphasizes observation and the scientific method in the fictional portrayal of reality.
Naturalism was an outgrowth of literary realism, influenced by Charles Darwin's theory of evolution. [26] Whereas realism seeks only to describe subjects as they really are, naturalism also attempts to determine "scientifically" the underlying forces (e.g., the environment or heredity) influencing the actions of its subjects. [27]
Ira Wells, University of Toronto Academic Programs director, in his work Fighting Words, [4] seeks a new understanding of what literary naturalism is and why it matters. He countered the accepted view of literary naturalism being concerned with environmental and philosophical determinism and focused on the polemical essence of the genre ...
Verismo is a derivative of naturalism and realism that began in post-unification Italy. Verismo literature uses detailed character development based on psychology, in Giovanni Verga's words 'the science of the human heart. [42] [43] ' Giovanni Verga, Luigi Capuana, Matilde Serao, Grazia Deledda: Social realism
The literary movements of the 19th century in Latin America range from Neoclassicism at the beginning of the century to Romanticism in the middle of the century, to Realism and Naturalism in the final third of the century, and finally to the invention of Modernismo, a distinctly Latin American literary movement, at the end of the 19th century.
Portrait of Fyodor Dostoyevsky in 1872 painted by Vasily Perov. The themes in the writings of Russian writer Fyodor Dostoevsky (frequently transliterated as "Dostoyevsky"), which consist of novels, novellas, short stories, essays, epistolary novels, poetry, [1] spy fiction [2] and suspense, [3] include suicide, poverty, human manipulation, and morality.
The expression "Realism", when being applied to literature of the 19th century, implies the attempt to depict contemporary life and society. The growth of realism is linked to the development of science (especially biology), history and the social sciences and to the growth of industrialism and commerce.
Donald Pizer (April 5, 1929 – November 7, 2023) was an American academic and literary critic who was regarded as one of the principal authorities on the American naturalism literary movement. He was the Pierce Butler Professor of English Emeritus at Tulane University, [1] and the author of numerous books on naturalism. [2]