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A clavicle fracture, also known as a broken collarbone, is a bone fracture of the clavicle. [1] Symptoms typically include pain at the site of the break and a decreased ability to move the affected arm. [ 1 ]
A coccyx fracture is a fracture of the coccyx, commonly called a broken tailbone or ‘puzzle fracture.’ The coccyx is located at the base of the spine , under the sacrum . It is the last section of the ape vertebral column .
Diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis (DISH) is a condition characterized by abnormal calcification/bone formation (hyperostosis) of the soft tissues surrounding the joints of the spine, and also of the peripheral or appendicular skeleton. [1]
A malunion is when a fractured bone does not heal properly. Some ways that it shows is by having the bone being twisted, shorter, or bent. Malunions can occur by having the bones improperly aligned when immobilized, having the cast taken off too early, or never seeking medical treatment after the break. [1]
Also known as a broken kneecap, a patella fracture usually follows a history of trauma and commonly presents with swelling, pain, bruising and inability to both bend and straighten the knee. [5] The pain is worse when trying to stand and the person may be unable to walk. The pain can also be aggravated by prolonged periods of sitting.
A Jefferson fracture is a bone fracture of the anterior and posterior arches of the C1 vertebra, [1] though it may also appear as a three- or two-part fracture. The fracture may result from an axial load on the back of the head or hyperextension of the neck (e.g. caused by diving), causing a posterior break, and may be accompanied by a break in other parts of the cervical spine.
Treatment of a separated shoulder depends on the severity of the injury. When beginning treatment, the first steps should be to control inflammation, and to rest and ice the joint. Anti-inflammatories such as ibuprofen may also relieve pain and inflammation. The joint should be iced every four hours for fifteen minutes at a time.
Microsurgery can be used approaching the area from above the collar bone (supraclavicular) followed by neurolysis of the brachial plexus, removal of the scalene muscle (scalenectomy), and the release of the underlying (subclavicular) blood vessels. This approach avoids the use of resection, and has been found to be an effective treatment. [24]