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A permanent magnet is an object made from a material that is magnetized and creates its own persistent magnetic field. An everyday example is a refrigerator magnet used to hold notes on a refrigerator door. Materials that can be magnetized, which are also the ones that are strongly attracted to a magnet, are called ferromagnetic (or ferrimagnetic).
Much stronger magnetic fields can be produced if a magnetic core, made of a soft ferromagnetic (or ferrimagnetic) material such as iron, is placed inside the coil. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] [ 15 ] [ 16 ] A core can increase the magnetic field to thousands of times the strength of the field of the coil alone, due to the high magnetic permeability μ ...
A large diversity of mechanical means are used to separate magnetic materials. [2] During magnetic separation, magnets are situated inside two separator drums which bear liquids. Due to the magnets, magnetic particles are being drifted by the movement of the drums. This can create a magnetic concentrate (e.g. an ore concentrate). [2]
Magnetism is the class of physical attributes that occur through a magnetic field, which allows objects to attract or repel each other.Because both electric currents and magnetic moments of elementary particles give rise to a magnetic field, magnetism is one of two aspects of electromagnetism.
[7] [8] With the exception of extremely rare native iron deposits, it is the most magnetic of all the naturally occurring minerals on Earth. [7] [9] Naturally magnetized pieces of magnetite, called lodestone, will attract small pieces of iron, which is how ancient peoples first discovered the property of magnetism. [10]
Canonical examples of nanomagnets are grains [1] [2] of ferromagnetic metals (iron, cobalt, and nickel) and single-molecule magnets. [3] The vast majority of nanomagnets feature transition metal ( titanium , vanadium , chromium , manganese , iron, cobalt or nickel) or rare earth ( Gadolinium , Europium , Erbium ) magnetic atoms.
A ferrimagnetic material is a material that has populations of atoms with opposing magnetic moments, as in antiferromagnetism, but these moments are unequal in magnitude, so a spontaneous magnetization remains. [1] This can for example occur when the populations consist of different atoms or ions (such as Fe 2+ and Fe 3+).
Anisotropic alnico magnets are oriented by heating above a critical temperature and cooling in the presence of a magnetic field. Both isotropic and anisotropic alnico require proper heat treatment to develop optimal magnetic properties. Without it, alnico's coercivity is about 10 Oe, comparable to technical iron, a soft magnetic material.