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The United States imposes tariffs (customs duties) on imports of goods. The duty is levied at the time of import and is paid by the importer of record. Customs duties vary by country of origin and product. Goods from many countries are exempt from duty under various trade agreements. Certain types of goods are exempt from duty regardless of source.
Tariffs have historically served a key role in the trade policy of the United States.Their purpose was to generate revenue for the federal government and to allow for import substitution industrialization (industrialization of a nation by replacing imports with domestic production) by acting as a protective barrier around infant industries. [1]
High tariffs were a policy designed to encourage rapid industrialisation and protect the high American wage rates. [35] The policy from 1860 to 1933 was usually high protective tariffs (apart from 1913 to 1921). After 1890, the tariff on wool did affect an important industry, but otherwise the tariffs were designed to keep American wages high.
Tariffs are also imposed in order to raise government revenue, or to reduce an undesirable activity . Although a tariff can simultaneously protect domestic industry and earn government revenue, the goals of protection and revenue maximization suggest different tariff rates, entailing a tradeoff between the two aims.
Article I, § 10, clause 2 of the United States Constitution, known as the Import-Export Clause, prevents the states, without the consent of Congress, from imposing tariffs on imports and exports above what is necessary for their inspection laws and secures for the federal government the revenues from all tariffs on imports and exports. Several ...
The first is to generate government revenue, noting that even a 10% tariff could help reduce the budget deficit. The second is to force companies to relocate production to the U.S.
The Trump tariff plan is an extreme exercise in self-inflicted economic damage, magnifying the harm from Trump’s earlier tariffs across thousands of traded goods and all U.S. trading partners.
Tariffs have been declining in the last twenty years as the influence of the World Trade Organization has grown, but states have increased their use of non-tariff barriers. [ 2 ] According to Chad Bown and Meredith Crowley, world trade is "probably" vastly more liberal in current times than was the case historically. [ 2 ]