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Finding global maxima and minima is the goal of mathematical optimization. If a function is continuous on a closed interval, then by the extreme value theorem, global maxima and minima exist. Furthermore, a global maximum (or minimum) either must be a local maximum (or minimum) in the interior of the domain, or must lie on the boundary of the ...
The canonical optimization variant of the above decision problem is usually known as the Maximum-Cut Problem or Max-Cut and is defined as: Given a graph G, find a maximum cut. The optimization variant is known to be NP-Hard. The opposite problem, that of finding a minimum cut is known to be efficiently solvable via the Ford–Fulkerson algorithm.
The graph of a function with a horizontal (y = 0), vertical (x = 0), and oblique asymptote (purple line, given by y = 2x) A curve intersecting an asymptote infinitely many times In analytic geometry , an asymptote ( / ˈ æ s ɪ m p t oʊ t / ) of a curve is a line such that the distance between the curve and the line approaches zero as one or ...
Full width at half maximum. In a distribution, full width at half maximum (FWHM) is the difference between the two values of the independent variable at which the dependent variable is equal to half of its maximum value. In other words, it is the width of a spectrum curve measured between those points on the y-axis which are half the maximum ...
In graph theory, the degree diameter problem is the problem of finding the largest possible graph for a given maximum degree and diameter.The Moore bound sets limits on this, but for many years mathematicians in the field have been interested in a more precise answer.
A continuous function () on the closed interval [,] showing the absolute max (red) and the absolute min (blue). In calculus , the extreme value theorem states that if a real-valued function f {\displaystyle f} is continuous on the closed and bounded interval [ a , b ] {\displaystyle [a,b]} , then f {\displaystyle f} must attain a maximum and a ...
A graph may have many maximal cliques, of varying sizes; finding the largest of these is the maximum clique problem. Some authors include maximality as part of the definition of a clique, and refer to maximal cliques simply as cliques. Left is a maximal independent set. Middle is a clique, , on the graph complement. Right is a vertex cover on ...
A simple example of such a problem is to find the curve of shortest length connecting two points. If there are no constraints, the solution is a straight line between the points. However, if the curve is constrained to lie on a surface in space, then the solution is less obvious, and possibly many solutions may exist.