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In Italy, a series of measures were taken to eliminate the negative effects of the industrial revolution. [citation needed] Compared to other European countries, Italian socialism spread in the right conditions for a struggling and an impoverished Italian people to willingly engage with, understand, and accept the core spirit of socialism. [1]
The Italian Communist Party (Italian: Partito Comunista Italiano, PCI) was a communist and democratic socialist political party in Italy. It was founded in Livorno as the Communist Party of Italy (Italian: Partito Comunista d'Italia, PCd'I) on 21 January 1921, when it seceded from the Italian Socialist Party (PSI), [1] under the leadership of Amadeo Bordiga, Antonio Gramsci, and Nicola ...
Violence grew in 1921 with Royal Italian Army officers beginning to assist the fascists with their violence against communists and socialists. [2] With the fascist movement growing, anti-fascist of various political allegiances but generally of the international left combined into the Arditi del Popolo (People's Militia) in 1921. [3]
The PSI dominated the Italian left until after World War II, when it was eclipsed in status by the Italian Communist Party (PCI). The two parties formed an alliance lasting until 1956 and governed together at the local level, particularly in some big cities and the so-called red regions until the 1990s.
The Italian road to socialism (it. Via italiana al socialismo) was the ideology and the political practice pursued by the Italian Communist Party, which had its roots in Antonio Gramsci's thought, and was formalized during the VIII Congress in 1956 by the general secretary Palmiro Togliatti. [1] [2] The famous election poster "Vote communist".
The German occupation triggered widespread national resistance against it and the Italian Social Republic, leading to the Italian Civil War. The Italian Social Republic was the second and last incarnation of the Italian Fascist state, led by the Italian dictator Benito Mussolini and his reformed anti-monarchist Republican Fascist Party.
The first number of Avanti! was published on 25 December 1896, on Christmas, because the new newspaper sought to represent Italian socialism as intended as "a new voice that does not descend from the airy high sky, but it lifts up from workshops and fields and predicts the peace to men of good will" or their own rendition of what they ...
Squadrismo (Italian: [skwaˈdrizmo]) was the movement of squadre d'azione (English: action squads), the fascist militias that were organised outside the authority of the Italian state and led by local leaders called ras (a title given to Abyssinian headmen). The militia originally consisted of farmers and middle-class people, who created their ...