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2. Traction (orthopedics) - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Traction_(orthopedics)

   Buck's traction, involving skin traction. It is widely used for femoral fractures, low back pain, acetabular fractures and hip fractures. [2] Skin traction rarely causes fracture reduction, but reduces pain and maintains the length of the bone. [2] Dunlop's traction – humeral fractures in children; Russell's traction; Halo-gravity traction

3. Spinal fusion - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spinal_fusion

   Spinal fusion, also called spondylodesis or spondylosyndesis, is a surgery performed by orthopaedic surgeons or neurosurgeons that joins two or more vertebrae. [1] This procedure can be performed at any level in the spine (cervical, thoracic, lumbar, or sacral) and prevents any movement between the fused vertebrae.

4. Spondylolysis - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spondylolysis

   The bone grafts complete their fusion in 4–8 months following the surgery, securing the spine in the correct position. The procedure is also used to treat spinal instability, fractures in the lumbar spine and, severe degenerative disc disease. The process is relatively non-invasive, performed through small incisions and has a high success ...

5. Spondylolisthesis - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spondylolisthesis

   Spondylolisthesis is when one spinal vertebra slips out of place compared to another. [1] While some medical dictionaries define spondylolisthesis specifically as the forward or anterior displacement of a vertebra over the vertebra inferior to it (or the sacrum ), [ 2 ] [ 3 ] it is often defined in medical textbooks as displacement in any ...

6. Vertebral fixation - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vertebral_fixation

   Vertebral fixation (also known as "spinal fixation") is an orthopedic surgical procedure in which two or more vertebrae are anchored to each other through a synthetic "vertebral fixation device", with the aim of reducing vertebral mobility and thus avoiding possible damage to the spinal cord and/or spinal roots.

7. TOPS System - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TOPS_System

   It is designed to treat patients diagnosed with common degenerative spinal diseases, including lumbar spinal stenosis, spondylolisthesis, and other facet joint conditions. One of the differences between the TOPS System and traditional fusion surgery is that the TOPS device allows the patient physical stability and a greater range of movement in ...