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Female Stoic, daughter of Cato the Younger: Apollonides (fl. 46 BC) Stoic philosopher whom Cato consulted before committing suicide Jason of Nysa (fl. 50 BC) Grandson of Posidonius: Athenodoros Cananites (c. 74 BC–7 AD) Pupil of Posidonius. Teacher of Augustus: Quintus Sextius (fl. 40 BC) Set up a school teaching Stoicism mixed with ...
This coincides with the influences of Cynic teaching, and was, at least in part, continued in his Stoic philosophy. From the day Zeno became Crates’ pupil, he showed a strong bent for philosophy, though with too much native modesty to assimilate Anaideia; Cynic “shamelessness” and the disregard for societal norms in favor of freedom.
Stoicism considers all existence as cyclical, the cosmos as eternally self-creating and self-destroying (see also Eternal return). Stoicism does not posit a beginning or end to the Universe. [32] According to the Stoics, the logos was the active reason or anima mundi pervading and animating the entire Universe. It was conceived as material and ...
Cleanthes (/ k l i ˈ æ n θ iː z /; Ancient Greek: Κλεάνθης; c. 330 BC – c. 230 BC), of Assos, was a Greek Stoic philosopher and boxer who was the successor to Zeno of Citium as the second head of the Stoic school in Athens. Originally a boxer, he came to Athens where he took up philosophy, listening to Zeno's lectures.
The ideal Stoic would instead measure things at their real value, [27] and see that the passions are not natural. [28] To be free of the passions is to have a happiness which is self-contained. [28] There would be nothing to fear—for unreason is the only evil; no cause for anger—for others cannot harm you. [28]
The Enchiridion or Handbook of Epictetus (Ancient Greek: Ἐγχειρίδιον Ἐπικτήτου, Enkheirídion Epiktḗtou) is a short manual of Stoic ethical advice compiled by Arrian, a 2nd-century disciple of the Greek philosopher Epictetus.
Seneca's seemingly positive outlook on his own exile follows his Stoic philosophy teachings that one should not be upset by uncontrollable events. This quote from De Consolatione ad Helviam, shows Seneca's presentation of his life as tolerable, and even spiritually enjoyable: I am joyous and cheerful, as if under the best of circumstances.
The intellectual society of this era was characterized by itinerant scholars, who were often employed by various state rulers as advisers on the methods of government, war, and diplomacy. This period ended with the rise of the Qin dynasty and the subsequent purge of dissent. The Book of Han lists ten major schools, they are: