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  2. Beaufort scale - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beaufort_scale

    where v is the equivalent wind speed at 10 metres above the sea surface and B is Beaufort scale number. ... 90–99 knots 104–114 mph 166–183 km/h 46–50.8 m/s 16

  3. Wind speed - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wind_speed

    An anemometer is commonly used to measure wind speed. Global distribution of wind speed at 10m above ground averaged over the years 1981–2010 from the CHELSA-BIOCLIM+ data set [1] In meteorology, wind speed, or wind flow speed, is a fundamental atmospheric quantity caused by air moving from high to low pressure, usually due to changes in ...

  4. Wind gradient - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wind_gradient

    According to one source, [39] the wind gradient is not significant for sailboats when the wind is over 6 knots (because a wind speed of 10 knots at the surface corresponds to 15 knots at 300 meters, so the change in speed is negligible over the height of a sailboat's mast). According to the same source, the wind increases steadily with height ...

  5. Wind profile power law - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wind_profile_power_law

    The power law is often used in wind power assessments [4] [5] where wind speeds at the height of a turbine ( 50 metres) must be estimated from near surface wind observations (~10 metres), or where wind speed data at various heights must be adjusted to a standard height [6] prior to use.

  6. Log wind profile - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Log_wind_profile

    The log wind profile is generally considered to be a more reliable estimator of mean wind speed than the wind profile power law in the lowest 10–20 m of the planetary boundary layer. Between 20 m and 100 m both methods can produce reasonable predictions of mean wind speed in neutral atmospheric conditions.

  7. Winds aloft - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winds_aloft

    Wind speeds over 99 knots are extracted by subtracting 50 from the direction and adding 100 to the speed. Thus, for example, the wind forecast for Abilene (ABI) at 30,000 feet, shown above as 7603, indicates a forecast wind of 260 degrees at 103 knots (76-50=26 or 260, and speed became 100+03=103).

  8. Maximum sustained wind - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maximum_sustained_wind

    Compared to over water, maximum sustained winds over land average 8% lower. [12] More especially, over a city or rough terrain, the wind gradient effect could cause a reduction of 40% to 50% of the geostrophic wind speed aloft; while over open water or ice, the reduction is between 10% and 30%. [8] [13] [14]

  9. List of weather records - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_weather_records

    Recently, the wind speeds were re-examined and adjusted to a maximum official wind speed of 321 mph (516.6 km/h). [ 310 ] A DOW calculation of a subvortice of the 2013 El Reno tornado was estimated in a range of 257–336 mph (414–541 km/h) in 2024.

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