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  2. Pope Innocent IV - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pope_Innocent_IV

    Pope Innocent IV (Latin: Innocentius IV; c. 1195 – 7 December 1254), born Sinibaldo Fieschi, was head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 25 June 1243 to his death in 1254. [1] Fieschi was born in Genoa and studied at the universities of Parma and Bologna. He was considered in his own day and by posterity as a fine canonist.

  3. Cum non solum - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cum_non_solum

    Cum non solum was a letter written by Pope Innocent IV to the Mongols on March 13, 1245. In it, Pope Innocent appeals to the Mongols to desist from attacking Christians and other nations, and inquires as to the Mongols' future intentions. [1]

  4. Pope Innocent - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pope_Innocent

    Pope Innocent II (1130–1143) Pope Innocent III (1198–1216) Pope Innocent IV (1243–1254) Pope Innocent V (1276) Pope Innocent VI (1352–1362) Pope Innocent VII (1404–1406) Pope Innocent VIII (1484–1492) Pope Innocent IX (1591) Pope Innocent X (1644–1655) Pope Innocent XI (1676–1689) Pope Innocent XII (1691–1700) Pope Innocent ...

  5. Pope heads to Mongolia to minister to its few Catholics and ...

    www.aol.com/news/pope-heads-mongolia-minister...

    When Pope Francis travels to Mongolia this week, he will in some ways be completing a mission begun by the 13th-century Pope Innocent IV, who dispatched emissaries east to ascertain the intentions ...

  6. Ad extirpanda - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ad_extirpanda

    Ad extirpanda ("To eradicate"; named for its Latin incipit) was a papal bull promulgated on Wednesday, May 15, 1252 by Pope Innocent IV which authorized under defined circumstances the use of torture by the Inquisition as a tool for interrogation. [1] [2]

  7. The clash between the Church and the Empire - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_clash_between_the...

    However, once Otto IV consolidated his power, he reneged on these promises and acted like previous emperors. In response, Innocent III excommunicated him in 1210 and endorsed the rise of Frederick II, a ward of the pope and the grandson of Frederick Barbarossa. Innocent III intervened repeatedly in the choice of emperors.

  8. Tractatus de ortu Tartarorum - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tractatus_de_ortu_Tartarorum

    The start of the Tractatus as it appears in Matthew of Paris's autograph manuscript. The Tractatus de ortu Tartarorum ("Treatise on the Rise of the Tartars") is a Latin treatise on the Mongols (Tartars), consisting of answers given by a Russian bishop named Peter to questions posed by Pope Innocent IV and the College of Cardinals in late 1244.

  9. 1254 papal election - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1254_Papal_election

    The 1254 papal election (11–12 December) took place following the death of Pope Innocent IV and ended with the choice of Raynaldus de' Conti, who took the name Pope Alexander IV. The election was held in Naples, in the former palazzo of Pietro della Vigna, and required only one day.