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SLE significantly increases the risk of cardiovascular disease, with this being the most common cause of death. [5] While women with lupus have higher risk pregnancies, most are successful. [1] Rate of SLE varies between countries from 20 to 70 per 100,000. [2] Women of childbearing age are affected about nine times more often than men. [5]
HLA DR3 is correlated strongly with Sjögren syndrome, myasthenia gravis, lupus erythematosus, and type 1 diabetes mellitus. HLA DR4 is correlated with the genesis of rheumatoid arthritis, type 1 diabetes mellitus, and pemphigus vulgaris. Fewer correlations exist with MHC class I molecules.
In the general population, the risk of developing type 1 diabetes is around 1 in 250. For someone whose parent has type 1 diabetes, the risk rises to 1–9%. If a sibling has type 1 diabetes, the risk is 6–7%. If someone's identical twin has type 1 diabetes, they have a 30–70% risk of developing it themselves. [38]
Some of the most common diseases that are generally categorized as autoimmune include coeliac disease, type 1 diabetes, Graves' disease, inflammatory bowel diseases (such as Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis), multiple sclerosis, alopecia areata, [9] Addison's disease, pernicious anemia, psoriasis, rheumatoid arthritis, and systemic lupus ...
Lupus erythematosus is a collection of autoimmune diseases in which the human immune system becomes hyperactive and attacks healthy tissues. [1] Symptoms of these diseases can affect many different body systems, including joints, skin, kidneys, blood cells, heart, and lungs. The most common and most severe form is systemic lupus erythematosus.
In patients with diabetes, this may be caused by several factors, such as too much or incorrectly timed insulin, too much or incorrectly timed exercise (exercise decreases insulin requirements) or not enough food (specifically glucose containing carbohydrates). The variety of interactions makes cause identification difficult in many instances.
Although cancer syndromes exhibit an increased risk of cancer, the risk varies. For some of these diseases, cancer is not the primary feature and is a rare consequence. Many of the cancer syndrome cases are caused by mutations in tumor suppressor genes that regulate cell growth.
Diabetes was the eighth leading cause of death in the United States in 2020. People with diabetes are twice as likely to develop heart disease or stroke as people without diabetes. There are three types of diabetes: Type 1, Type 2, and gestational (diabetes while pregnant). Type 2 diabetes accounts for 90%-95% of all cases. [1]