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Strategic essentialism, a major concept in postcolonial theory, was introduced in the 1980s by the woman Indian literary critic and theorist Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak. [1] It refers to a political tactic in which minority groups, or ethnic groups mobilize on the basis of shared identity attributes to represent themselves.
Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak (IPA: gaĕòttri t͡ʃɔkkròbòr(t)ti) FBA (born 24 February 1942) is an Indian scholar, literary theorist, and feminist critic. [1] She is a University Professor at Columbia University and a founding member of the establishment's Institute for Comparative Literature and Society.
The book received criticism from Indian postcolonial theorist Gayatri Spivak in the Cambridge Review of International Affairs. Spivak asserted that Chibber may not be the best person to begin exposing the flaws of postcolonial theory. [5] Chibber replied in the same journal, defending his choices in the original article. [6]
Postcolonialism (also post-colonial theory) is the critical academic study of the cultural, political and economic consequences of colonialism and imperialism, focusing on the impact of human control and exploitation of colonized people and their lands.
In postcolonial theory, the term subaltern describes the lower social classes and the Other social groups displaced to the margins of a society; in an imperial colony, a subaltern is a native man or woman without human agency, as defined by his and her social status. [3]
In academia, literary theory has been the traditional home of postcolonial analysis such as the work of Gayatri Spivak on 'the subaltern', [8] Edward Said on 'orientalism', [9] Homi K. Bhabha on 'hybridity', [10] Ngũgĩ wa Thiong'o on 'language'. [11]
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In a short essay titled "Ngũgĩ wa Thiong'o: In Praise of a Friend", Gayatri Spivak, a fellow pioneer in post-colonial studies, remembers that Ngũgĩ was a "hero" at the time of the appearance of Decolonising the Mind, which instantly became the "controversial classic it remains to this day": "His political commitment and courage, his ...