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Umar ibn al-Khattab [a] (Arabic: عُمَر بْن ٱلْخَطَّاب, romanized: ʿUmar ibn al-Khaṭṭāb; c. 582/583 – 644), also spelled Omar, was the second Rashidun caliph, ruling from August 634, when he succeeded Abu Bakr (r.
Umar ibn Abd al-Aziz ibn Abdallah ibn Abdallah ibn Umar ibn al-Khattab: 785-786 Dismissed Appointed by the caliph al-Hadi [68] Ishaq ibn Sulayman ibn Ali: From 786 First cousin twice removed of the caliph Harun al-Rashid, who appointed him [69] Abd al-Malik ibn Salih ibn Ali: First cousin twice removed of Harun al-Rashid, who appointed him [70]
Umar ibn al-Khattab was one of the earliest figures in the history of Islam. While Sunnis regard Umar ibn al-Khattab in high esteem and respect his place as one of the "Four Righteously Guided Caliphs", the Shia do not view him as a legitimate leader of the Ummah and believe that Umar and Abu Bakr conspired to usurp power from Ali.
Khattab ibn Nufayl, Umar's father; Khantamah, Umar's mother; Hisham ibn al-Mughirah, maternal grandfather of Umar and brother of Walid ibn al-Mughira, who was the father of General Khalid ibn al-Walid. Khalid was thus a cousin of Umar's mother. Abu Jahl whose personal name was Amr bin Hisham was a brother of Umar's mother, and his maternal uncle.
The Expedition of Umar ibn al-Khattab [3] to Turbah took place in July 628 CE, or in the 3rd month of the year 7 of the Islamic calendar (AH). [ 4 ] The expedition was led by Umar ibn al-Khattab , at the order of the Islamic prophet Muhammad .
Abd al-Rahman ibn Umar (the Older) Abd al-Rahman ibn Umar (the Younger) [1] Hafsa bint Umar: She was first married to Khunais ibn Hudhafa of Banu Sahm, but became a widow in August 624. [2] She was then married to the Islamic Prophet Muhammad, yet she had no children. Umm Kulthum bint Jarwal: Ubayd Allah ibn Umar: Zayd ibn Umar (The Younger) [3]
During the 16th-century conversion of Iran to Shia Islam under Safavid rule, a festival began being held in honor of Abu Lu'lu'a and his assassination of Umar. [37] Named Omar-koshan (lit. ' the killing of Umar '), it was originally held around Abu Lu'lu'a's sanctuary in Kashan, on the anniversary of Umar's assassination (26 Dhu al-Hijja). [38]
The Pact of Umar (also known as the Covenant of Umar, Treaty of Umar or Laws of Umar; Arabic: شروط عمر or عهد عمر or عقد عمر) is a treaty between the Muslims and non-Muslims who were conquered by Umar during his conquest of the Levant (Syria and Lebanon) in the year 637 CE that later gained a canonical status in Islamic jurisprudence. [1]