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  2. Cartesian coordinate system - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cartesian_coordinate_system

    In analytic geometry, unknown or generic coordinates are often denoted by the letters (x, y) in the plane, and (x, y, z) in three-dimensional space. This custom comes from a convention of algebra, which uses letters near the end of the alphabet for unknown values (such as the coordinates of points in many geometric problems), and letters near ...

  3. Abscissa and ordinate - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abscissa_and_ordinate

    Cartesian plane with marked points (signed ordered pairs of coordinates). For any point, the abscissa is the first value (x coordinate), and the ordinate is the second value (y coordinate). In mathematics , the abscissa ( / æ b ˈ s ɪ s . ə / ; plural abscissae or abscissas ) and the ordinate are respectively the first and second coordinate ...

  4. Rotation matrix - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rotation_matrix

    If we condense the skew entries into a vector, (x,y,z), then we produce a 90° rotation around the x-axis for (1, 0, 0), around the y-axis for (0, 1, 0), and around the z-axis for (0, 0, 1). The 180° rotations are just out of reach; for, in the limit as x → ∞ , ( x , 0, 0) does approach a 180° rotation around the x axis, and similarly for ...

  5. Rotation of axes in two dimensions - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rotation_of_axes_in_two...

    A point P has coordinates (x, y) with respect to the original system and coordinates (x′, y′) with respect to the new system. [1] In the new coordinate system, the point P will appear to have been rotated in the opposite direction, that is, clockwise through the angle . A rotation of axes in more than two dimensions is defined similarly.

  6. Coordinate system - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coordinate_system

    A point in the plane may be represented in homogeneous coordinates by a triple (x, y, z) where x/z and y/z are the Cartesian coordinates of the point. [10] This introduces an "extra" coordinate since only two are needed to specify a point on the plane, but this system is useful in that it represents any point on the projective plane without the ...

  7. Complex plane - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Complex_plane

    In the Cartesian plane it may be assumed that the range of the arctangent function takes the values (−π/2, π/2) (in radians), and some care must be taken to define the more complete arctangent function for points (x, y) when x ≤ 0. [note 1] In the complex plane these polar coordinates take the form

  8. Euclidean plane - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Euclidean_plane

    A Euclidean plane with a chosen Cartesian coordinate system is called a Cartesian plane. The set R 2 {\displaystyle \mathbb {R} ^{2}} of the ordered pairs of real numbers (the real coordinate plane ), equipped with the dot product , is often called the Euclidean plane or standard Euclidean plane , since every Euclidean plane is isomorphic to it.

  9. Spherical coordinate system - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spherical_coordinate_system

    For example, one sphere that is described in Cartesian coordinates with the equation x 2 + y 2 + z 2 = c 2 can be described in spherical coordinates by the simple equation r = c. (In this system— shown here in the mathematics convention —the sphere is adapted as a unit sphere , where the radius is set to unity and then can generally be ...