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The Alpena biorefinery plant in the USA. A biorefinery is a refinery that converts biomass to energy and other beneficial byproducts (such as chemicals). The International Energy Agency Bioenergy Task 42 defined biorefining as "the sustainable processing of biomass into a spectrum of bio-based products (food, feed, chemicals, materials) and bioenergy (biofuels, power and/or heat)". [1]
A bioregion is a geographical area, on land or at sea, defined not by administrative boundaries but by distinct communities of plant and animal species, ecological systems, topographic features, and human cultures.
A shift of 1 or 100% (darker colours) indicates that the region has fully moved into a completely different biome zone type. [49] Climate change is already now altering biomes, adversely affecting terrestrial and marine ecosystems. [50] [51] Climate change represents long-term changes in temperature and average weather patterns.
Bioinformatics uses biology, chemistry, physics, computer science, computer programming, information engineering, mathematics and statistics to analyze and interpret biological data. The process of analyzing and interpreting data can sometimes be referred to as computational biology, however this distinction between the two terms is often ...
The carbon footprint explained Comparison of the carbon footprint of protein-rich foods [1]. A formal definition of carbon footprint is as follows: "A measure of the total amount of carbon dioxide (CO 2) and methane (CH 4) emissions of a defined population, system or activity, considering all relevant sources, sinks and storage within the spatial and temporal boundary of the population, system ...
1.8 89.094 8.76 GCN Arginine: Arg R Fixed cation Basic polar Positive −4.5 174.203 5.78 MGR, CGY [d] Asparagine: Asn N Amide Polar Neutral −3.5 132.119 3.93 AAY Aspartate: Asp D Anion Brønsted base: Negative −3.5 133.104 5.49 GAY Cysteine: Cys C Thiol Brønsted acid Neutral 2.5 250 0.3 121.154 1.38 UGY Glutamine: Gln Q Amide Polar ...
Chromatography, pronounced / ˌ k r oʊ m ə ˈ t ɒ ɡ r ə f i /, is derived from Greek χρῶμα chrōma, which means "color", and γράφειν gráphein, which means "to write".". The combination of these two terms was directly inherited from the invention of the technique first used to separate biological pigme
In probability theory and statistics, a normal distribution or Gaussian distribution is a type of continuous probability distribution for a real-valued random variable.The general form of its probability density function is = (). [citation needed]