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The minimum output voltage of the Wilson current mirror must exceed the base emitter voltage of Q 2 by enough that Q 3 will operate in active mode rather than saturation. Gilbert [ 3 ] reports data on a representative implementation of a Wilson current mirror that showed constant output current for an output voltage as low as 880 millivolts.
Sweep generator in Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, 1950. A sweep generator is a piece of electronic test equipment similar to, and sometimes included on, a function generator which creates an electrical waveform with a linearly varying frequency and a constant amplitude.
A MOSFET version of Figure 3 is shown in Figure 4, where MOSFETs M 3 and M 4 operate in ohmic mode to play the same role as emitter resistors R E in Figure 3, and MOSFETs M 1 and M 2 operate in active mode in the same roles as mirror transistors Q 1 and Q 2 in Figure 3. An explanation follows of how the circuit in Figure 3 works.
Wilson Connectivity home of WilsonPro, weBoost, and Zinwave, is the market leader in in-building wireless communication technology. With a 30-year legacy of innovation, the company holds over 265 issued or pending patents.
The most common method for delivering test data from chip inputs to internal circuits under test (CUTs, for short), and observing their outputs, is called scan-design. In scan-design, registers ( flip-flops or latches) in the design are connected in one or more scan chains , which are used to gain access to internal nodes of the chip.
Figure 2: Small-signal circuit for finding output resistance of the Widlar source shown in Figure 1. A test current I x is applied at the output, and the output resistance is then R O = V x / I x. An important property of a current source is its small signal incremental output impedance, which should ideally be infinite.
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A curve tracer is a specialised piece of electronic test equipment used to analyze the characteristics of discrete electronic components, such as diodes, transistors, thyristors, and vacuum tubes. The device contains voltage and current sources that can be used to stimulate the device under test (DUT).