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John Stenhouse's respirator. John Stenhouse was born in Barrhead in Glasgow on 21 October 1809. He was the eldest son of William Stenhouse, a calico-printer in the family firm of John Stenhouse & Co of 302 High Street, [2] Glasgow, and Elizabeth Currie; [3] he was the only one of their children to survive beyond infancy. [4] [5]
In 1840, the Scottish chemist John Stenhouse found that the same chemical could be produced by distilling a wide variety of crop materials, including corn, oats, bran, and sawdust, with aqueous sulfuric acid; he also determined furfural's empirical formula (C 5 H 4 O 2). [8]
Chloropicrin was discovered in 1848 by Scottish chemist John Stenhouse. He prepared it by the reaction of sodium hypochlorite with picric acid : HOC 6 H 2 (NO 2 ) 3 + 11 NaOCl → 3 Cl 3 CNO 2 + 3 Na 2 CO 3 + 3 NaOH + 2 NaCl
The compound was first isolated in 1880 from the lichen Usnea barbata by chemists John Stenhouse and Charles Groves. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] [ 3 ] The compound coccellic acid, isolated from Cladonia coccifera , was later shown to be the same compound as barbatic acid.
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Irish physicist John Tyndall took Stenhouse's mask, added a filter of cotton wool saturated with lime, glycerin, and charcoal, and in 1871 invented a 'fireman's respirator', a hood that filtered smoke and gas from air, which he exhibited at a meeting of the Royal Society in London in 1874. [9]
Erythritol tetranitrate (ETN) is an explosive compound chemically similar to PETN, [1] though it is thought to be slightly more sensitive to friction and impact.. Like many nitrate esters, ETN acts as a vasodilator, and was the active ingredient in the original "sustained release" tablets, made under a process patent in the early 1950s, called "nitroglyn".