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In Crustacea, the saccate metanephridia are associated with the antennae and form the antennal gland. In freshwater crustacea , the saccate metanephridia are especially large due to their role in osmoregulation; crustacea must remove large amounts of water from the tissues, as the cells are hypertonic to the surrounding water.
Antennae (sg.: antenna) (sometimes referred to as "feelers") are paired appendages used for sensing in arthropods. Antennae are connected to the first one or two segments of the arthropod head. They vary widely in form but are always made of one or more jointed segments.
Pain has the adaptive advantage that it invokes a level of learning, thereby preventing the animal from repeatedly exposing itself to potential injury. [36] Pain cannot be directly measured in other animals, including other humans; responses to putatively painful stimuli can be measured, but not the experience itself.
Scientists called for humane ways to handle crabs, lobsters, and other shellfish in the kitchen after showing for the first time that crustaceans indeed feel pain.
Coxal gland and its components. The coxal gland is a gland found in some arthropods, for collecting and excreting urine. They are found in all arachnids (with the exception of some Acari), and in other chelicerates, such as horseshoe crabs. [1] The coxal gland is thought to be homologous with the antennal gland of crustaceans.
Crustaceans (from Latin meaning: "those with shells" or "crusted ones") are invertebrate animals that constitute one group of arthropods that are traditionally a part of the subphylum Crustacea (/ k r ə ˈ s t eɪ ʃ ə /), a large, diverse group of mainly aquatic arthropods including decapods (shrimps, prawns, crabs, lobsters and crayfish), seed shrimp, branchiopods, fish lice, krill ...
Johnston's organ detects motion in the flagellum (third and typically final antennal segment). It consists of scolopidia arrayed in a bowl shape, each of which contains a mechanosensory chordotonal neuron. [3] [4] The number of scolopidia varies between species.
Similar to the antennal and leg chordotonal organs in insects, the leg chordotonal organs in crustaceans are sensitive to both proprioceptive and auditory information, including airborne and substrate-borne vibrations. [35] [36] [37] Myochordotonal organs are also called Barth's myochordotonal organs and were first studied by Barth in 1934. [32]