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Outcrop of Ordovician kukersite oil shale, northern Estonia Lower Jurassic oil shale near Holzmaden, Germany. Oil shale geology is a branch of geologic sciences which studies the formation and composition of oil shales–fine-grained sedimentary rocks containing significant amounts of kerogen, and belonging to the group of sapropel fuels. [1]
As the basin fills up, shallow-water sandstones and continental deposits form. [3] [4] Most of the resulting rocks have little deformation, but near the edge of the mountain chain they can be subject to folding and thrusting. [3] After the basin fills up, continental sediments are deposited on top of the flysch. [4]
This encloses much fluid which under pressure causing the whole shale bed to turn into a viscous, low density, high mobility layer. The over-pressured shale layers trigger and initiate the growth faults in the same way as the evaporite layers does. [6] Earthquakes arise and result from the release of the force along the growth fault plane. [12]
Oil shale is an organic-rich fine-grained sedimentary rock containing kerogen (a solid mixture of organic chemical compounds) from which liquid hydrocarbons can be produced. In addition to kerogen, general composition of oil shales constitutes inorganic substance and bitumens.
A Burgess Shale trilobite showing soft-part preservation. Burgess Shale-type deposits occur either on the continental slope or in a sedimentary basin.They are known in sediments deposited at all water depths during the Precambrian (Riphean stage onwards), with a notable gap in the last 150 million years of the Proterozoic. [6]
A foreland basin is a structural basin that develops adjacent and parallel to a mountain belt. Foreland basins form because the immense mass created by crustal thickening associated with the evolution of a mountain belt causes the lithosphere to bend, by a process known as lithospheric flexure.
In the Paleogene, the Qatar Arch was comparatively stable and Abu Dhabi was at the edge of the Rub al Khali and Pabdeh-Gurpi (centered in the North Emirates) basins. The Hasa Group includes Umm Er Radhuma, Rus and Dammam formations. The Pabdeh Formation is largely offshore and contains 2,200 feet (670 metres) of shale and argillaceous limestone.
Shale gas is one of a number of unconventional sources of natural gas; others include coalbed methane, tight sandstones, and methane hydrates. Shale gas areas are often known as resource plays [27] (as opposed to exploration plays). The geological risk of not finding gas is low in resource plays, but the potential profits per successful well ...