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Uniform flow. The depth of flow is the same at every section of the channel. Uniform flow can be steady or unsteady, depending on whether or not the depth changes with time, (although unsteady uniform flow is rare). Varied flow. The depth of flow changes along the length of the channel. Varied flow technically may be either steady or unsteady.
Gradually varied flow occurs when the change in flow depth per change in flow distance is very small. In this case, hydrostatic relationships developed for uniform flow still apply. Examples of this include the backwater behind an in-stream structure (e.g. dam, sluice gate, weir, etc.), when there is a constriction in the channel, and when ...
The textbook The Hydraulics of Open Channel Flow: An Introduction has been translated into Chinese (Hydrology Bureau of Yellow River Conservancy Committee) and Spanish (McGraw Hill Interamericana) and the second edition appeared in 2004.
Incompressible flow – Fluid flow in which density remains constant; Inviscid flow – Flow of fluids with zero viscosity (superfluids) Isothermal flow – Model of fluid flow; Open channel flow – Type of liquid flow within a conduit; Pipe flow – Type of liquid flow within a closed conduit
Open channel flow describes cases where flowing liquid has a top surface open to the air; the cross-section of the flow is only determined by the shape of the channel on the lower side, and is variable depending on the depth of liquid in the channel. Techniques appropriate for a fixed cross-section of flow in a pipe are not useful in open channels.
Hydraulics and other studies [1] An open channel, with a uniform depth. Open-channel hydraulics deals with uniform and non-uniform streams. Illustration of hydraulic and hydrostatic, from the "Table of Hydraulics and Hydrostatics", from Cyclopædia, or an Universal Dictionary of Arts and Sciences , edited by Ephraim Chambers , 1728, Vol. 1
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Nappe flow regimes occur for small discharges and flat slopes. If the discharge is increased or the slope of the channel is increased, a skimming flow regime can occur (Shahheydari et al. 2015). Nappe flow has pockets of air at each step whereas skimming flow does not. The onset of skimming flow can be defined as: (d c)=1.057*h - 0.465*h 2 /l ...