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A curve with a triple point at the origin: x(t) = sin(2t) + cos(t), y(t) = sin(t) + cos(2t) In general, if all the terms of degree less than k are 0, and at least one term of degree k is not 0 in f, then curve is said to have a multiple point of order k or a k-ple point.
Consider a smooth real-valued function of two variables, say f (x, y) where x and y are real numbers.So f is a function from the plane to the line. The space of all such smooth functions is acted upon by the group of diffeomorphisms of the plane and the diffeomorphisms of the line, i.e. diffeomorphic changes of coordinate in both the source and the target.
One could define the x-axis as a tangent at this point, but this definition can not be the same as the definition at other points. In fact, in this case, the x -axis is a "double tangent." For affine and projective varieties , the singularities are the points where the Jacobian matrix has a rank which is lower than at other points of the variety.
The singular set of x 2 = y 2 z 2 is the pair of lines given by the y and z axes. The only reasonable varieties to blow up are the origin, one of these two axes, or the whole singular set (both axes). However the whole singular set cannot be used since it is not smooth, and choosing one of the two axes breaks the symmetry between them so is not ...
The study of the analytic structure of an algebraic curve in the neighborhood of a singular point provides accurate information of the topology of singularities. In fact, near a singular point, a real algebraic curve is the union of a finite number of branches that intersect only at the singular point and look either as a cusp or as a smooth curve.
The study of real, quadratic algebras shows the distinction between types of quadratic forms. The product zz* is a quadratic form for each of the complex numbers, split-complex numbers, and dual numbers. For z = x + ε y, the dual number form is x 2 which is a degenerate quadratic form. The split-complex case is an isotropic form, and the ...
The two families of lines on a smooth (split) quadric surface. In mathematics, a quadric or quadric hypersurface is the subspace of N-dimensional space defined by a polynomial equation of degree 2 over a field. Quadrics are fundamental examples in algebraic geometry. The theory is simplified by working in projective space rather than affine ...
Because they satisfy a quadratic constraint, they establish a one-to-one correspondence between the 4-dimensional space of lines in and points on a quadric in (projective 5-space). A predecessor and special case of Grassmann coordinates (which describe k -dimensional linear subspaces, or flats , in an n -dimensional Euclidean ...