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The term pessimism derives from the Latin word pessimus, meaning 'the worst'.It was first used by Jesuit critics of Voltaire's 1759 novel Candide, ou l'Optimisme.Voltaire was satirizing the philosophy of Leibniz who maintained that this was the 'best (optimum) of all possible worlds'.
Depressive realism – Hypothesis about depression; Dystheism – The belief that a god, or God is not wholly good and is possibly evil; History of philosophical pessimism – History of a philosophical school; List of philosophical pessimists – Sortable list of philosophers of pessimism; Misanthropy – General dislike of humanity
Half a glass of water, illustration of two different mental attitudes, optimism (half full) and pessimism (half empty) Optimism is an attitude reflecting a belief or hope that the outcome of some specific endeavor, or outcomes in general, will be positive, favorable, and desirable.
The concept of explanatory style encompasses a wide range of possible responses to both positive and negative occurrences, rather than a black-white difference between optimism and pessimism. Also, an individual does not necessarily show a uniform explanatory style in all aspects of life, but may exhibit varying responses to different types of ...
Optimism bias or optimistic bias is a cognitive bias that causes someone to believe that they themselves are less likely to experience a negative event. It is also known as unrealistic optimism or comparative optimism. It is common and transcends gender, ethnicity, nationality, and age. [1] Autistic people are less susceptible to this kind of ...
The poems of the Canadian poet Frederick George Scott have also been cited as an example of Victorian pessimism, [92] as have the poems of the American poet Edwin Arlington Robinson. [93] During this period, artistic representations of nature transformed, from benevolent, uplifting and god-like, to actively hostile, competitive, or indifferent.
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Phenomena cannot be determined to be positive or negative independent of context. Some of their examples included: the dialectic of optimism and pessimism Optimism is associated with longevity, but strategic pessimism can lead to more effective planning and decision making. the dialectic of self-esteem and humility