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2. Glutathione - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glutathione

   Glutathione biosynthesis involves two adenosine triphosphate-dependent steps: First, γ-glutamylcysteine is synthesized from L-glutamate and L-cysteine. This conversion requires the enzyme glutamate–cysteine ligase (GCL, glutamate cysteine synthase). This reaction is the rate-limiting step in glutathione synthesis. [3]

3. Glutathione synthetase - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glutathione_synthetase

   Glutathione synthetase (GSS) (EC 6.3.2.3) is the second enzyme in the glutathione (GSH) biosynthesis pathway. It catalyses the condensation of gamma-glutamylcysteine and glycine, to form glutathione. [2] Glutathione synthetase is also a potent antioxidant. It is found in many species including bacteria, yeast, mammals, and plants. [3]

4. Glutamate–cysteine ligase - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glutamate–cysteine_ligase

   Studies also shown that restricting GCL activity to the cytosol or glutathione biosynthesis to the plastids is sufficient for normal plant development and stress tolerance. [29] Both glutathione biosynthesis enzymes are essential in plants; knock-outs of GCL and GS are lethal to embryo and seedling, respectively. [30]

5. γ-L-Glutamyl-L-cysteine - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Γ-L-Glutamyl-L-cysteine

   γ-L-Glutamyl-L-cysteine, also known as γ-glutamylcysteine (GGC), is a dipeptide found in animals, plants, fungi, some bacteria, and archaea.It has a relatively unusual γ-bond between the constituent amino acids, L-glutamic acid and L-cysteine and is a key intermediate in the γ-glutamyl cycle first described by Meister in the 1970s.

6. Sulfur assimilation - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sulfur_assimilation

   Both steps of the synthesis of glutathione are ATP dependent reactions. Glutathione is maintained in the reduced form by an NADPH-dependent glutathione reductase and the ratio of reduced glutathione (GSH) to oxidized glutathione (GSSG) generally exceeds a value of 7. Glutathione fulfils various roles in plant functioning.

7. Pentose phosphate pathway - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pentose_phosphate_pathway

   It reduces glutathione via glutathione reductase, which converts reactive H 2 O 2 into H 2 O by glutathione peroxidase. If absent, the H 2 O 2 would be converted to hydroxyl free radicals by Fenton chemistry, which can attack the cell. Erythrocytes, for example, generate a large amount of NADPH through the pentose phosphate pathway to use in ...

8. 3 ways to minimize your own risk of falling like Pelosi and ...

   www.aol.com/3-ways-minimize-own-risk-130041920.html

   When my family moved to New Hampshire going into my freshman year of high school, Dr. C. Everett Koop, President Ronald Reagan’s surgeon general, became my neighbor. As an aspiring doctor, I ...

9. Drug metabolism - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drug_metabolism

   Drug metabolism is the metabolic breakdown of drugs by living organisms, usually through specialized enzymatic systems. More generally, xenobiotic metabolism (from the Greek xenos "stranger" and biotic "related to living beings") is the set of metabolic pathways that modify the chemical structure of xenobiotics, which are compounds foreign to an organism's normal biochemistry, such as any drug ...