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Contrary to common misconception, it is equally valid to adopt a description in which space does not expand and objects simply move apart while under the influence of their mutual gravity. [2] [3] [4] Although cosmic expansion is often framed as a consequence of general relativity, it is also predicted by Newtonian gravity. [5] [6]
Thus, an accelerating universe took a longer time to expand from 2/3 to 1 times its present size, compared to a non-accelerating universe with constant ˙ and the same present-day value of the Hubble constant. This results in a larger light-travel time, larger distance and fainter supernovae, which corresponds to the actual observations.
The spatial slices are expanding very fast to cover huge volumes. Things are constantly moving beyond the cosmological horizon, which is a fixed distance away, and everything becomes homogeneous. As the inflationary field slowly relaxes to the vacuum, the cosmological constant goes to zero and space begins to expand normally.
In physical cosmology, the Big Rip is a hypothetical cosmological model concerning the ultimate fate of the universe, in which the matter of the universe, from stars and galaxies to atoms and subatomic particles, and even spacetime itself, is progressively torn apart by the expansion of the universe at a certain time in the future, until distances between particles will infinitely increase.
LH 95 star forming region of the Large Magellanic Cloud. The image was taken using the Hubble Space Telescope. Source: European Space Agency (ESA/Hubble) The observable universe is currently 1.38 × 10 10 (13.8 billion) years old. [16] This time lies within the Stelliferous Era. About 155 million years after the Big Bang, the first star formed.
A fast-spreading wildfire that erupted this week about 45 miles northwest of Los Angeles roared from nothing to nearly 10,000 acres − in a matter of hours.
During the 1960s, the theory of plate tectonics— based initially on the assumption that Earth's size remains constant, and relating the subduction zones to burying of lithosphere at a scale comparable to seafloor spreading [18] —became the accepted explanation in the Earth Sciences.
Additionally, the larger block size made space on blocks much less competitive, which decreased fees dramatically. Bitcoin fees currently average about $2 per transaction, according to Y Charts ...