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The index -1 represents the last element, -2 the penultimate element, etc. Python also allows a step property by appending an extra colon and a value. For example: >>> nums [ 3 :] [7, 8, 13, 20] >>> nums [ 3 ::] # == nums[3:] [7, 8, 13, 20] >>> nums [:: 3 ] # starting at index 0 and getting every third element [1, 7, 20] >>> nums [ 1 : 5 : 2 ...
Python sets are very much like mathematical sets, and support operations like set intersection and union. Python also features a frozenset class for immutable sets, see Collection types. Dictionaries (class dict) are mutable mappings tying keys and corresponding values. Python has special syntax to create dictionaries ({key: value})
Following is a list of code names that have been used to identify computer hardware and software products while in development. In some cases, the code name became the completed product's name, but most of these code names are no longer used once the associated products are released.
Python's name is derived from the British comedy group Monty Python, whom Python creator Guido van Rossum enjoyed while developing the language. Monty Python references appear frequently in Python code and culture; [190] for example, the metasyntactic variables often used in Python literature are spam and eggs instead of the traditional foo and ...
In Python, if a name is intended to be "private", it is prefixed by one or two underscores. Private variables are enforced in Python only by convention. Names can also be suffixed with an underscore to prevent conflict with Python keywords. Prefixing with double underscores changes behaviour in classes with regard to name mangling.
Code in a PROCEDURE had more in common with complete programs in other BASICs, including the variables being local to the code, and their ability to be executed in a stand-alone fashion. PROCEDURE s were called by name using the RUN command, and could include variables for function-call semantics; for instance, RUN add(4,7) calls a procedure ...
The first element, usually at the zero offset, is the bottom, resulting in array[0] being the first element pushed onto the stack and the last element popped off. The program must keep track of the size (length) of the stack, using a variable top that records the number of items pushed so far, therefore pointing to the place in the array where ...
In programming languages, name binding is the association of entities (data and/or code) with identifiers. [1] An identifier bound to an object is said to reference that object. Machine languages have no built-in notion of identifiers, but name-object bindings as a service and notation for the programmer is implemented by programming languages.