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Ferrochrome or ferrochromium (FeCr) is a type of ferroalloy, that is, an alloy of chromium and iron, generally containing 50 to 70% chromium by weight. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] Ferrochrome is produced by electric arc carbothermic reduction of chromite .
The process is usually carried out in the vertical furnace, the charge is top-down under the action of gravity, through layer by layer heating and reduction reaction, and finally obtain magnetic iron ore, so as to improve its magnetic separation performance, and facilitate the subsequent beneficiation and smelting process. The main steps of ...
Production of ferrochrome is observed to emit pollutants into the air such as nitrogen oxides, carbon oxides and sulfur oxides, as well as dust particulates with a high concentration of heavy metals such as chromium, zinc, lead, nickel and cadmium. During high temperature smelting of chromite ore to produce Ferrochrome, Cr-III
The process was repeated from one pot to the next, the lead accumulating in the pot at one end and metal enriched in silver in the pot at the other. [ 3 ] [ 4 ] The level of enrichment possible is limited by the lead-silver eutectic and typically the process stopped around 600 to 700 ounces per ton (approx. 2%), so further separation is carried ...
The smelting of copper, lead and bauxite in non-ferrous smelting, for instance, is designed to remove the iron and silica that often occurs with those ores, and separates them as iron-silicate-based slags. [1] Copper slag, the waste product of smelting copper ores, was studied in an abandoned Penn Mine in California, US.
Smelting is a process of applying heat and a chemical reducing agent to an ore to extract a desired base metal product. [1] It is a form of extractive metallurgy that is used to obtain many metals such as iron , copper , silver , tin , lead and zinc .
The first step taken before the bloomery can be used is the preparation of the charcoal and the iron ore. Charcoal is nearly pure carbon , which, when burned, both produces the high temperature needed for the smelting process and provides the carbon monoxide needed for reduction of the metal.
The converting process occurs in a converter. Two kinds of converters are widely used: horizontal and vertical. Horizontal converters of the Peirce-Smith type (which are an improvement of the Manhès-David converter ) prevail in the metallurgy of non-ferrous metals. Such a converter is a horizontal barrel lined with refractory material inside.